…The porous excreta is called pumice if it is felsic, and scoria if it is mafic. The rocks formed by the solidification of these volcanic clasts are classified into agglomerates, mainly consisting of volcanic bombs, volcanic breccia, mainly consisting of volcanic blocks, lapilli tuff, mainly consisting of volcanic ash, and tuff breccia, consisting of volcanic breccia and volcanic ash, based on the fragments they contain. Tuffs deposited at relatively high temperatures can be hardened and welded to look like lava. … From [Tuff]...Recently, the definition of RV Fisher (1966) has come to be used, and tuff is a rock in which more than 2/3 of the constituent particles are volcanic debris with a diameter of 2 mm or less. Pyroclastic rocks with coarser grains, volcanic ash with a diameter of 2 mm or less, volcanic lapilli with a diameter of 2-64 mm or less, and volcanic blocks with a diameter of 64 mm or more, are called volcanic lapilli tuffs. In the old definition of CK Wentworth and H. Williams (1932), tuff was a volcanic debris rock with a large amount of particles with a diameter of 4 mm or less. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "volcanic rock tuff" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…多孔質な放出物で,フェルシックなものは軽石,またマフィックなものはスコリア(岩滓)とよばれる。それらの火山砕屑物が固結した岩石を,おもに含まれる破片に基づき,火山弾を主とした凝灰集塊岩agglomerate,火山岩塊を主とした火山角レキ岩volcanic breccia,火山礫を主とした火山レキ凝灰岩lapilli tuff,火山灰を主とした凝灰岩tuff,火山角礫と火山灰よりなる凝灰角レキ岩tuff brecciaに分類する。比較的高温で堆積した凝灰岩は固く溶結して溶岩のような見かけを呈することがある。… 【凝灰岩】より…最近はフィッシャーR.V.Fisherの定義(1966)が使われるようになり,構成粒子の2/3以上が直径2mm以下の火山砕屑物(さいせつぶつ)である岩石を凝灰岩という。より粗粒になって直径2mm以下の火山灰が2/3以下,直径2~64mmの火山礫(れき)が2/3以下,直径64mm以上の火山岩塊が1/3以下の火山砕屑岩は火山レキ凝灰岩という。ウェントワースC.K.WentworthとウィリアムズH.Williamsの古い定義(1932)では,直径4mm以下の粒子が多量を占める火山砕屑岩を凝灰岩としていた。… ※「火山レキ凝灰岩」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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