Theology and jurisprudence began at roughly the same time as the complementary disciplines of the Shari'a, but while jurisprudence reached methodological perfection through Shafi'i, theology only achieved methodological perfection after being influenced by Hellenistic thought. In the second half of the 10th century, Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad al‐Khwārizmī wrote a book called Mafāfīḥ al‐'ulūm, a key to the sciences, in which he classified the Muslim sciences that were being studied at the time. According to this book, Muslim learning consists of (1) learning of Arab origin and (2) learning of other ethnic origin. (1) includes (a) law, (b) theology, (c) grammar, (d) writing (administrative documents), (e) poetry and prosody, and (f) history. (2) includes (g) philosophy, (h) logic, (i) medicine, (j) arithmetic, (k) geometry, (1) astronomy, (m) music theory, (n) mechanics, and (o) alchemy. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "The Key to Learning" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…神学と法学は相互に補完し合うシャリーアの学問として,ほぼ時を同じくして出発したが,法学がシャーフィイーによって方法論的完成をみたのに対し,神学はヘレニズム思想の洗礼を受けて,初めて方法論的完成にいたった。 10世紀の後半,フワーリズミーAbū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad al‐Khwārizmīは《学問の鍵Mafāfīḥ al‐‘ulūm》という書物を著し,当時行われていたイスラム教徒の学問を分類した。この書によればイスラム教徒の学問は,(1)アラブ起源の学問,(2)異民族起源の学問とからなり,(1)に属するものは,(a)法学,(b)神学,(c)文法学,(d)書記学(行政文書作成法),(e)詩学と韻律学,(f)歴史学であり,(2)に属するものは,(g)哲学,(h)論理学,(i)医学,(j)算術,(k)幾何学,(1)天文学,(m)音楽理論,(n)機械学,(o)錬金術であった。… ※「《学問の鍵》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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