Khilafat Movement - Khilafat Movement

Japanese: ヒラーファト運動 - ヒラーファトうんどう

This was one of the anti-British protests that Indian Muslims rose up in defense of the caliphate in response to Britain's policy towards Turkey after World War I, particularly the abolition of the caliphate as the supreme sovereign of the Islamic nation. Gandhi saw this issue as an opportunity to strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity by joining the Khilāfat Committee, which was formed by the Ali brothers, Azad, Mohani, and others, and joined the committee with the entire Congress Party, becoming chairman of the All India Khilāfat Committee himself. It is said that many Muslims did not understand "Khilāfat" to mean the caliphate, but rather as "opposition" (khilāf) to Britain, but the historical significance of this movement is great, as it rallied rural Muslim masses, who had previously been unable to be organized by the Muslim League, into the anti-British nationalist movement.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

第1次世界大戦後のイギリスの対トルコ政策，とくにイスラム国家最高主権者カリフの廃止をめぐり，カリフ制擁護を掲げてインド･ムスリムが立ち上がった反英闘争の一つ。アリー兄弟，アーザード，モハニらが結成したヒラーファトKhilāfat委員会に対して，この問題をヒンドゥー･ムスリム統一強化の好機とするガンディーは，国民会議派組織を挙げてこれに合流，自ら全インド･ヒラーファト委員会議長となる。多くのムスリム大衆は〈ヒラーファト〉の意味をカリフ制ととらず，イギリスへの〈対抗〉(キラーフ)と考えていたといわれるが，従来ムスリム連盟が組織しえなかった農村ムスリム大衆を反英民族運動に糾合した歴史的意味は大きい。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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