An object's mass can be divided into inertial mass and gravitational mass, and the mass that indicates the magnitude of inertia during movement is called inertial mass. In Newtonian mechanics, inertial mass is the ratio of force to acceleration. In special relativity, inertial mass is the total energy of an object divided by c 2 ( c is the speed of light in a vacuum). If rest mass is m 0 , then the inertial mass of an object moving at speed v is equal to . Light with frequency ν is a photon of energy h ν ( h is Planck's constant), and its inertial mass is ( h ν/ c 2 ). According to the equivalence principle, inertial mass and gravitational mass are equal. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
物体の質量には慣性質量と重力質量とがあり,運動に際して慣性の大きさを示す質量を慣性質量という。ニュートン力学では,力と加速度との比が慣性質量である。特殊相対性理論では,物体の全エネルギーを c2 ( c は真空中の光速度) で割った量が慣性質量である。静止質量を m0 とすると,速さ v の物体の慣性質量は に等しい。振動数νの光はエネルギー hν ( h はプランク定数) の光子であり,その慣性質量は (hν/c2) である。等価原理によれば,慣性質量と重力質量とは相等しい。
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