...Before Marxist Communism (for example, the Babeuf Conspiracy) and in the anarchist trends such as Blanquism, Proudhonism, and Bakuninism that followed, revolution was imagined as a violent overthrow of the existing order caused by a sudden uprising instigated or conspired by a small number of professional revolutionaries who gathered in illegal secret societies, and revolutionaries were also perceived in accordance with this image. In contrast, after the emergence and establishment of Marxism, violent revolution was based on the ideas and insights of "scientific socialism" and was conceived as being led by a "revolutionary party" that gathered the advanced elements of the proletariat. It was Lenin and the Comintern who further emphasized and concretized the importance of ideology, purposefulness, and organization in such violent revolutions and in professional revolutionaries who gathered in a "vanguard party." ... *Some of the terminology used to refer to "revolutionary political parties" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…マルクス主義的共産主義以前(たとえばバブーフの陰謀)ないしそれ以降のブランキ主義,およびプルードン主義,バクーニン主義などの無政府主義的諸潮流において,革命は非合法の秘密結社などに結集する少数の職業革命家たちの扇動あるいは陰謀による蜂起によって突然ひき起こされる既成秩序の暴力的転覆としてイメージされ,革命家もまたこのようなイメージに照応的にとらえられていた。これに対しマルクス主義の出現と確立以後は,暴力革命は〈科学的社会主義〉の理念と洞察を基礎とし,プロレタリアの先進分子を結集する〈革命政党〉によって指導されると観念されるにいたった。このような暴力革命および〈前衛党〉に結集する職業革命家におけるイデオロギーの重要性,目的意識性,組織性をさらに強調し,具体化したのはレーニンおよびコミンテルンであった。… ※「革命政党」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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