Kyoto Shoku - Kyoshiki

An office that was in charge of the administration of the capital in the ancient Ritsuryo state. The Japanese reading is "Misato no Tsukasa". The Kyoto Office was established in Asuka-kyo during the reign of Emperor Tenmu, but it was not until Fujiwara-kyo that the organization was fully organized. Initially, there was only one Kyoto Office, but after the Taiho Code was enacted, the capital was divided into east and west by the Suzaku Avenue, and it became the Sakyo Office and the Ukyo Office. Four officials of the lower ranks, below the Taifu, and the Bo-rei were appointed to each of the Left and Right Kyoto Offices. The Taifu were responsible for a wide range of duties within the capital, including household entrance, family registration, land and housing, taxes, social status, litigation, trade, soldiers, and roads and bridges. In the Ritsuryo administrative organization collectively known as the Kyoto, Kinai, and Seven Provinces, the Kyoto Office occupied a position roughly corresponding to that of the kokushi. Bo-rei were appointed for each of the temples in the districts of the capital. During the Heian period, with the decline of the Ritsuryo state, judicial and prosecutorial authority was replaced by the Danjodai and Kebiishi.

[Mitsuru Yagi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代律令(りつりょう)国家における京の行政をつかさどった官司。和訓は「みさとのつかさ」。早く天武(てんむ)朝の飛鳥(あすか)京に京職が置かれたが、機構的に整ってくるのは藤原京以後である。当初単一の京職であったが、大宝令施行後、京域を朱雀(すざく)大路で東西に分け、左京職・右京職となった。左右京職にそれぞれ大夫(たいふ)以下の四等官と坊令(ぼうれい)を任じた。大夫は、京内の戸口、戸籍、田宅、租税、身分、訴訟、交易、兵士、道橋など広範囲の職務にあたった。京畿内(きょうきない)七道諸国と総称される律令制の行政組織において、京職は国司とほぼ対応する位置を占めた。坊令は京内条坊の坊ごとに置いた。平安時代、律令国家の衰退に伴い、司法、検察の権限は弾正台(だんじょうだい)や検非違使(けびいし)にとってかわられた。

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