Law Concerning Corneal and Kidney Transplants - Law Concerning Corneal and Kidney Transplants

Japanese: 角膜及び腎臓の移植に関する法律 - かくまくおよびじんぞうのいしょくにかんするほうりつ
Law Concerning Corneal and Kidney Transplants - Law Concerning Corneal and Kidney Transplants

...The crucial issue of whether or not those who have been declared brain dead are treated as "deceased" in terms of inheritance under the Civil Code and all other legal relations is not made clear throughout this law. Furthermore, the "Law Concerning Cornea and Kidney Transplants" (abbreviated as the Cornea and Kidney Transplant Law, 1979) itself was abolished with the enactment of the Organ Transplant Law, but transitional provisions (Supplementary Provisions, Article 4) were put in place for the removal of corneas and kidneys from corpses other than the bodies of brain dead persons (corpses declared dead by the three signs), and for the time being, written consent from the surviving family members will be sufficient as before.

From [Kidney Transplant]

...For issues related to organ transplants in general, including rejection, please see the section on organ transplants.
[Kidney Transplant Law]
In 1979, the Law on Cornea and Kidney Transplants was enacted, which established the procedures for cadaveric kidney transplants. Under this law, transplants cannot be performed unless the person consents in writing before death and the surviving family members do not object, or unless the surviving family members consent in writing.

From [Organ Transplantation]

...It is stipulated that the determination of brain death should be made by a doctor who is not involved in transplants. With the enforcement of the Organ Transplant Law, the Cornea and Kidney Transplant Law (officially called the Law Concerning Cornea and Kidney Transplants), which had previously been applied to the removal of eyes and kidneys from cadavers (mainly cardiac cadavers), was abolished. Under the Cornea and Kidney Transplant Law, written consent from the surviving family was required in advance to remove eyes or kidneys for transplantation.

*Some of the terminology referenced in the "Cornea and Kidney Transplant Act" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…はたして,それらの脳死の判定がなされた者が,民法上の相続その他すべての法律関係で〈死者〉として扱われるのか否かという肝心の事柄が,本法全体を通して明確にされていない。なお,臓器移植法の成立により〈角膜及び腎臓の移植に関する法律〉(略称,角膜腎臓移植法。1979)それ自体は廃止されたが,脳死した者の身体以外の死体(3徴候による死の判定を受けた死体)からの角膜と腎臓の摘出については経過規定(附則4条)を置き,当分の間,従前どおり遺族の書面による承諾で足りるとした。…

【腎臓移植】より

…なお,拒絶反応を含め,臓器移植の全般にかかわる問題については,〈臓器移植〉の項を参照されたい。人工透析
[腎臓移植に関する法律]
 1979年〈角膜及び腎臓の移植に関する法律〉が制定され,死体腎移植についての手続が定められた。この法律では,本人が生前に書面で承諾し,遺族が拒否しない場合,あるいは遺族が書面で承諾しないかぎり,摘出は行えない。…

【臓器移植】より

…なお,脳死判定は,移植に関係しない医師によって行われるべきものと定められている。 臓器移植法の施行によって,それまで,眼球と腎臓の死体(念頭におかれていたのは心臓死体)からの摘出に適用されてきた角膜腎臓移植法(正式名は〈角膜及び腎臓の移植に関する法律〉)は廃止された。角膜腎臓移植法において,移植用の眼球や腎臓を摘出するためには,事前に遺族の書面による承諾を受けることが必要とされていた。…

※「角膜及び腎臓の移植に関する法律」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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