Faculty - gakubu (English spelling) faculty

Japanese: 学部 - がくぶ（英語表記）faculty

A unit that constitutes a university, and is an organization for education and research. According to the School Education Law, a university usually has several faculties, but it can be composed of one faculty. A faculty for night classes is also permitted. The University Establishment Standards require faculties to have an appropriate organization and size as a faculty, such as the type and number of subjects or courses, and the number of faculty members. In universities before the war, the types of faculties were limited to law, medicine, engineering, humanities, science, agriculture, economics, commerce, and other divisions and combinations of these, but after the war, a wide variety of faculties were established in response to new academic fields and modern society's vocational fields, such as education, home economics, and physical education. In response to the development of interdisciplinary research, faculties based on new perspectives such as the Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, and Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences were established, but some aspects of the faculty organization were not sufficient, and some universities, such as the University of Tsukuba, are trying to organize in a completely new concept of a school or school group.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

大学を構成する単位で，教育および研究上の組織。学校教育法では，大学には数個の学部をおくことを常例とするが，1個の学部で大学を構成することもできるとしている。また夜間授業のための学部も認められている。大学設置基準では，学部は学科目または講座の種類，数および教員数など，学部として適当な組織と規模内容をもつことを要請している。学部の種類は，戦前期の大学では，法，医，工，文，理，農，経済および商，その他これらを分合したものに限られていたが，戦後は，このほか教育，家政，体育など，新しい学問分野や近代社会の職業分野などに対応して，多種多様の学部が設けられている。また，学際研究の発展に対応して生活科学部，人間科学部，総合科学部など新しい観点に立った学部が設けられるようになったが，学部組織では十分に対応しきれない面もあり，筑波大学のように，学系・学群というまったく新しい構想の組織を試みているところもある。

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