A zone where many volcanoes are distributed as a mass. Volcanic belts usually refer to those from the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era (about the past 2.58 million years). In foreign countries, there are the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Mediterranean Volcanic Belt, and the East African Volcanic Belt. These volcanic belts are aligned almost parallel to ocean trenches and the continental rift zone. The Japanese archipelago is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. In Japan, volcanic belts were classified into seven belts based on their geographical distribution and the similarity of the composition of volcanic rocks: the Kuril Islands, Nasu, Chokai, Fuji, Norikura (Ontake), Hakusan (Daisen), and Kirishima (Ryukyu). The Setouchi Volcanic Belt is a volcanic belt that was formed around 13 million years ago. Recently, from the perspective of plate tectonics, the area has been broadly grouped into two volcanic belts, the Eastern Japan Volcanic Belt and the Western Japan Volcanic Belt, with the Kinki region as the border. The distribution of both volcanic belts coincides with areas more than 100 kilometers below the deep earthquake zone, and the density of volcanoes is higher on the ocean trench side. The limit of distribution on the ocean trench side is called the volcanic front, likened to a weather map. [Akira Suwa and Setsya Nakata] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
多数の火山があるかたまりとして分布している地帯。火山帯は、新生代第四紀(過去約258万年間)のものをさすのが普通である。外国では、環太平洋火山帯、地中海火山帯、東アフリカ火山帯などがある。これらの火山帯は海溝や大陸の大地溝帯とほぼ平行に配列する。日本列島は環太平洋火山帯の一部にあたる。日本では、地理的分布と火山岩の組成の類似性から、千島(ちしま)、那須(なす)、鳥海(ちょうかい)、富士、乗鞍(のりくら)(御嶽(おんたけ))、白山(はくさん)(大山(だいせん))、霧島(琉球(りゅうきゅう))の7火山帯に分類されていた。瀬戸内火山帯とされたものは1300万年前前後の火山帯である。最近では、プレートテクトニクスの視点から、近畿地方を境にして東日本火山帯と西日本火山帯の二つに大きくまとめられている。両火山帯の分布は深発地震面の100キロメートル以深の場所と一致し、海溝側ほど火山の分布密度が高い。海溝側の分布の限界を、天気図になぞらえて火山フロント(前線)とよぶ。 [諏訪 彰・中田節也] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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