This law states that angular momentum is constant with respect to any point when no force acts on a mass, and with respect to the center of force when a central force acts on the mass. Kepler's law of motion for a planet subjected to the gravitational force from the Sun (which is a central force) - the areal velocity of the planet around the Sun (half the angular momentum) is constant - is an example. In a system of masses in which the internal forces acting between the masses within the system obey the law of action and reaction, the angular momentum does not change with respect to any point when no external forces act, and with respect to a fixed point when all external forces pass through that point. When a physical system has symmetry with respect to a certain axis or point, generally, if angular momentum is assigned to any physical system, the angular momentum of the entire system with respect to that axis or point is conserved. This conservation law also plays an effective role in quantum mechanics and particle physics. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
質点に力が働かないときは任意の点に関し,また中心力が働くときには力の中心に関し,角運動量が一定であるという法則。太陽からの万有引力 (中心力である) を受けている惑星の運動に関するケプラーの法則──太陽のまわりの惑星の面積速度 (角運動量の半分) は一定である──はその一例である。系内の質点間に働く内力が作用反作用の法則に従う質点系では,外力が働かないときは任意の点に関し,またすべての外力が定点を通るときはその定点に関し,角運動量は変らない。物理系がある軸または点に関し対称性をもつとき,一般に任意の物理系に角運動量を付与すれば,その軸または点に関する全系の角運動量が保存される。量子力学や素粒子論でも,この保存則は有効な役割を果している。
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