Akatsukidai - Kyotai

A haiku poet from the mid-Edo period. His surname was Kato or Kumura. His childhood name was Chuhachi. He was commonly known as Heibei. His real name was Shukyo. His other pen names were Boukou, Baiya, Goichi, and Ryumon. He was born in Nagoya and served the Tokugawa family in Owari, but in the spring of his 27th year while working in Edo, he resigned and began to devote himself to haiku. He first studied haiku under Hajaku and took the name Tarō, and after Hajaku's death he followed his son Hakuni and took the name Kaiya. He first used the name Gyodai in Ateishu (1763), and formed a school of poets in Nagoya called Bōukyo. In 1772 (An'ei 1), he published the renga (linked verse) Aki no Hi (Autumn Days), revealing his intention to revive the style of Basho, and became a pioneer of the so-called Chukou haiku. From 1774, he frequently went to Kyoto for several years to associate with Buson, and also hosted a formal haiku performance for the 100th anniversary of Basho's death, and was invited by the Nijō family to receive a certificate of haiku master, which increased his fame. He died in Kyoto on January 20, 1790, leaving behind the haiku "The plum grove is covered in night dust and light clouds." He showed a refined and elegant style and a wide variety of writing styles, and is considered to be a representative haiku poet of the Chukou haiku alongside Buson. He also contributed to the study and dissemination of Basho's haiku through his transcriptions of "Kyoraisho" and "Atsuta Sankasen."

[Yamashita Kazumi]

As September comes to an end, the cape of Noto seems to be in the distance.

"A Study of Haikai in the Revival Period" by Yamashita Kazukai (1965, Ohfusha) " "A Study of Gyodai" by Ito Tokichi (1976, Touendo Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の俳人。姓は加藤あるいは久村(くむら)。幼名仲八。通称平兵衛。本名周挙(かねたか)。別号暮雨巷(ぼうこう)、買夜(ばいや)、後一(ごいち)、竜門(りゅうもん)。名古屋に生まれ、尾張(おわり)徳川家に仕えたが、江戸在勤中の27歳の春、辞職して俳諧(はいかい)に専念するようになる。俳諧は初め巴雀(はじゃく)に学んで他朗と号し、巴雀の没後はその子白尼(はくに)について買夜と号した。『蛙啼集(あていしゅう)』（1763）で初めて暁台と名のり、以後名古屋で暮雨巷と称する一派を形成し、1772年（安永1）には連句集『秋の日』を刊行して芭蕉(ばしょう)の風を復興する意図を明らかにして、いわゆる中興俳諧の先駆者となった。74年から数年間しばしば京都へ上って蕪村(ぶそん)と交わり、また芭蕉百回忌取越追善(とりこしついぜん)の正式俳諧を主催したり、二条家に召されて俳諧宗匠の免状を受けたりして名声を高めた。寛政(かんせい)4年1月20日、「梅林に夜のほこりや薄曇り」の句を残し、京都で没した。高雅優美で多様な作風を示し、蕪村と並んで中興俳諧の代表的俳人とされている。また『去来抄』『熱田三歌仙』の翻刻などによって、芭蕉俳諧の研究、普及にも功績があった。

［山下一海］

　九月尽(くぐわつじん)はるかに能登の岬(みさき)かな

『山下一海著『中興期俳諧の研究』（1965・桜楓社）』▽『伊藤東吉著『暁台の研究』（1976・藤園堂書店）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例