The system of extra-marital affairs

…However, because so many people were matched with posts, the process was often mechanical, and personal relationships were rampant, from influential people to administrative officials, and a lottery system was even introduced in the latter half of the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty. In addition, during the Qing Dynasty, a system of external support was also implemented, in which the governor held some control over the selection process. [Umehara Iku] …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "external compensation system" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかしきわめて多くの人間とポストを組み合わせるため，とかく機械的に流れ，有力者から胥吏（しより）まで含めて情実が横行し，明代15世紀後半には抽選制まで導入された。なお清代には督撫が銓選の一部をにぎる外補の制も行われた。【梅原 郁】。…

※「外補の制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報