When a spatial figure is rotated around a single axis, if it coincides with the original figure every angle 2π/ n , it is said to have n- fold rotational symmetry, where the axis is called the axis of rotation or symmetry, and n is the number or degree of rotational symmetry. For figures created by rotating around a single axis, such as an ellipsoid, n is infinite. For symmetry that appears in crystals, n is limited to n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. A combination of rotation around an axis and a point symmetry operation (inversion) about a point on that axis is called a reversal, and is represented by . One reversal is an inversion, and two reversals is a reflection (plane symmetry operation). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
空間的な図形を一つの軸のまわりに回転させるとき,角度 2π/n ごとに初めの図形と一致する場合,n 回の回転対称があるといい,その軸を回転軸または対称軸,n を回転対称の回数または次数という。回転楕円体のように一つの軸のまわりに回転してできた図形では,n は無限大である。結晶に現れる対称に関しては n=1,2,3,4,6にかぎられる。また一つの軸のまわりの回転と,その軸上の 1点に関する点対称操作(反転)とを組み合わせたものを回反といい, で表す。1回の回反は反転,2回の回反は鏡映(面対称操作)である。
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