… The initial principle was that the land and peasants of conquered territories were not to be distributed to Arab warriors. However, from the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), caliphs began to grant private land, called qaṭī'a, to their relatives and favorites, and larger private estates (da'i'a) were established one after another by reclamation of wasteland and enclosure of land. Thus, from the 8th to the 9th centuries, large landholdings by soldiers, bureaucrats, and merchants developed significantly, based on qaṭī'a and da'i'a. … From the Landlord … [Shinji Shigematsu] *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "qaṭī'a" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ところで,征服地の土地と農民は,アラブ戦士には分配されないのが最初の原則であった。しかしウマイヤ朝(661‐750)の初めごろからカリフは一族や寵臣に対して私有地であるカティーアqaṭī‘aを授与するようになり,また荒蕪地の開墾や土地の囲込みによって,より大規模な私領地(ダイアḍay‘a)も次々と成立した。こうして8世紀から9世紀へかけて,カティーアやダイアを基礎に,軍人や官僚あるいは商人による大土地所有が著しく発達した。… 【地主】より…【重松 伸司】 ※「qaṭī‘a」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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