A tunnel built under the sea to connect straits, cross bays, connect artificial islands and land, etc. It is used when construction of a bridge is not appropriate due to water depth, geology, etc. The center of the tunnel is lower than the land, so the tunnel slopes downward toward the center, and since it is under the sea, it is important to take measures to drain the water that has risen. For road tunnels, ventilation measures are necessary. In addition to the main tunnel, work tunnels, investigation tunnels, etc. are built. In places where the length is relatively short and the ground is weak, immersed tunnels are often built as undersea tunnels. The Shin-Kanmon Tunnel (→Kanmon Tunnel) for the Sanyo Shinkansen is 880m deep at the bottom of the sea, but the total length of the tunnel is 18,713m. The Seikan Tunnel is 53,850m long, with 23,300m of the bottom of the sea and more than 250m below the water surface at its deepest point. The Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) is also 49,200m long. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
海峡連絡,湾岸横断,人工島と陸地の連絡などのために海底に設けられるトンネル。水深,地質などの理由により橋の建設が適当でない場合に用いられる。トンネルの中央部が陸地より低いため,トンネルは中央に向かって下り勾配となり,また海底であるため湧水の排出対策が重要である。道路トンネルの場合は換気対策が必要となる。本トンネルとは別に,作業坑,調査坑などが設けられる。長さが比較的短く,軟弱な地盤のところでは,海底トンネルとして沈埋トンネルを設けることが多い。山陽新幹線用の新関門トンネル(→関門トンネル)は,海底部は 880mであるが,トンネル全長は 1万8713mである。また青函トンネルは,全長 5万3850mで,海底部が 2万3300m,最深部は水面下 250m以上に達する。英仏海峡トンネル(ユーロトンネル)も,4万9200mの全長をもつ。
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