Solvents that contain proton-donating groups (the ability to release a hydrogen atom as a proton) such as O-H, N-H, and F-H. In contrast, solvents that do not have proton-donating properties are called aprotic solvents, which are divided into nonpolar aprotic solvents and polar aprotic solvents. Representative examples of the former include hydrocarbons such as hexane and benzene, and representative examples of the latter include ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), dimethyl sulfoxide (CH 3 ) 2 SO (abbreviated as DMSO), dimethylformamide (CH 3 ) 2 NCHO (abbreviated as DMF), and hexamethylphosphoric triamide [(CH 3 ) 2 N] 3 P=O (abbreviated as HMPA). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
O-H,N-H,F-Hなどのプロトン供与性(水素原子をプロトンとして放つ性質)の基を含む溶媒。これに対し,プロトン供与性をもたない溶媒は非プロトン性溶媒nonprotic solventと呼ばれ,これは極性を有しない非極性非プロトン性溶媒と極性を有する極性非プロトン性溶媒に分けられる。代表的なものは,前者についてはヘキサン,ベンゼンのような炭化水素,後者ではエーテル類(例えばジエチルエーテル,テトラヒドロフランなど),ジメチルスルホキシド(CH3)2SO(略称DMSO),ジメチルホルムアミド(CH3)2NCHO(略称DMF),ヘキサメチルホスホリックトリアミド[(CH3)2N]3P=O(略称HMPA)などである。
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