New system of court nobles

Japanese: 公家新制 - くげしんせい

Also read as "Kōge Shinsei." Written laws issued by the Imperial Court from the mid-Heian period to the end of the Kamakura period. There are many ways to issue them, such as imperial edicts, in-decrees, and Dajokan documents, but the majority of them are large collections of laws and regulations with over a dozen or even several dozen articles. In addition, they were already referred to as "new regulations" or "how many articles of new regulations" at the time. There are various theories about the beginning of the new regulations, but the most widely accepted theory is that it was a Dajokan document issued in the first year of the Tenryaku era (947) by Emperor Murakami. Furthermore, it is thought that it ended with an in-decree issued in the first year of the Shōkei era (the second year of the Genkō era (1332)) by Emperor Kōgon (Emperor Go-Daigo), and 60 edicts were issued during that time. The most common content of the new regulations was the prohibition against extravagant clothing and other lifestyles for lower-ranking officials below the sixth rank, known as "forbidden colors." However, some of the provisions include those that reformed local politics, reorganized manors, and revised litigation procedures, and are of great significance in political and legal history.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

「こうげしんせい」とも読まれる。平安時代中期以降，鎌倉時代末期にいたる間において，朝廷が発令した成文法。その発布の様式は，宣旨，院宣，太政官符など多種類であるが，その大多数は，十数条，あるいは数十条に及ぶ大部な法規集である。また，当時において，すでに「新制」，または「新制何個条」と特定して呼称されている。新制の嚆矢について諸説あるが，村上天皇天暦1 (947) 年の太政官符とする説が有力である。さらにその終りは，光厳天皇正慶1 (後醍醐天皇元弘2) (1332) 年の院宣と考えられ，その間発令された回数は 60回に及んでいる。新制の内容としては，禁色などと称される六位以下の下級官人の衣服その他の奢侈を戒めたものが最も多い。しかし，なかには，地方政治の刷新，荘園の整理，訴訟手続の改訂などの内容を有する条規も見出され，政治史，ならびに法制史上重要な意義をもつ。

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