Extrapolated Expectations - I want to hear

Japanese: 外挿的期待 - がいそうてききたい
Extrapolated Expectations - I want to hear

… In recent dynamic economic theories, theoretical models are often constructed by assuming certain expectation formation rules (functions) for future price expectations. Examples of such expectation formation rules include (1) extrapolated expectations, which estimate a trend line of price fluctuations based on the movement of realized prices from the past to the present, and predict future prices by extrapolating that trend line into the future; (2) adaptive expectations, which compare the expected prices at each point in time that are set in advance with the actual realized prices at each point in time, and revise the expected prices for the next point in time based on the results of the comparison; and (3) rational expectations, which create an economic theoretical model of price determination that represents the supply and demand relationship, and predict future prices using the realistic model obtained by statistically estimating parameters for the theoretical model. The idea of ​​emphasizing the role of rational expectations in the movement of the real economy has recently been combined with monetarist economics to provide a basis for arguing that Keynesian fiscal policy is ineffective, that is, that deficit spending aimed at combating unemployment and stimulating the economy is ultimately ineffective through rational price expectations on the part of companies and workers, providing a theoretical basis for criticism of Keynesian economics (see the entry on the rational expectations hypothesis).

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "extrapolated expectations" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 最近の動学的経済理論では,将来の価格期待について一定の期待形成ルール(関数)を仮定して,理論モデルを構成することが多い。そのような期待形成ルールの例としては,(1)外挿的期待,すなわち過去から現在にいたる実現価格の動きをもとに価格変動の傾向線を推定し,その傾向線を将来に外挿することによって将来価格を予想する方式,(2)適応的期待,すなわち事前にたてられた各時点での期待価格が,各時点ごとに実際におこった実現価格と比較され,その比較結果をもとに次の時点の期待価格の修正がなされるような方式,(3)合理的期待,すなわち需給関係を表現する価格決定の経済理論モデルを作り,その理論モデルについて統計的にパラメーター推定を行って得られる現実モデルを使って将来価格を予想する,という方式等がある。現実経済の動きについて合理的期待の役割を重視する考え方は,最近,マネタリズムの経済学と結びついて,ケインズ的財政政策の無効性,すなわち失業対策,景気刺激をねらって発動される赤字財政支出は,企業―労働者側の合理的価格期待を通じて結局は無効になることを主張する根拠となり,ケインズ経済学批判に一つの理論的基礎をあたえている(〈合理的期待形成仮説〉の項参照)。…

※「外挿的期待」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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