Born June 18, 1918 in Brooklyn, New York [Died] June 6, 2013. Annandale, Virginia. American crystallographer. Graduated from City College of New York in 1937. Earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1943. Worked on the Manhattan Project from 1943 to 1946, and later worked at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the late 1940s, he began collaborating with Herbert A. Hauptmann at the Naval Research Laboratory on crystal structure. They derived a mathematical formula to describe the arrangement of many points on a photographic film obtained by X-ray crystal diffraction (→ X-ray diffraction), which they published in 1949. This method was later used to determine the three-dimensional structures of thousands of small biological substances, including many hormones, vitamins, and antibiotics. In 1967, he became the Chief Scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory, where he continued his research until his retirement in 2009. In 1985, he and Hauptmann shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a mathematical method to infer the molecular structure of a compound from the patterns formed when X-rays are diffracted by a crystal. curl |
[生]1918.6.18. ニューヨーク,ブルックリン [没]2013.6.6. バージニア,アナンデール アメリカ合衆国の結晶学者。1937年ニューヨーク・シティ・カレッジを卒業。1943年にミシガン大学で物理化学の博士号を取得,1943~46年マンハッタン計画に参加し,その後海軍研究試験所で働いた。1940年代後半,海軍研究試験所でハーバート・A.ハウプトマンと結晶構造の研究で共同研究を始めた。彼らは,X線結晶回折(→X線回折)の結果得られる写真フィルムの多くの点の配置を記述する数式を導き,1949年に発表。その後,この方法を利用して多くのホルモン,ビタミン,抗生物質を含む数千もの低分子生体物質の三次元構造が決定された。1967年に海軍研究試験所の首席科学官となり,2009年に退官するまで研究生活を続けた。その間の 1985年,結晶によって X線が回折されたときに形成されるパターンから化合物の分子構造を推定する数学的方法を開発した功績によって,ハウプトマンとともにノーベル化学賞を受賞した。 カール
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