Kaisou (English spelling) sea onion

Japanese: カイソウ - かいそう(英語表記)sea onion
Kaisou (English spelling) sea onion

A perennial plant of the lily family (APG classification: Asparagaceae). In autumn, a 50-100 cm tall flower stalk grows from a large underground globular egg-shaped bulb, and in the upper part of the plant, about 40 cm long, many flowers are produced in a raceme, each consisting of six separate white perianths with greenish purple stripes. After flowering, about 10 gray-green, glabrous, broad lanceolate leaves appear. It grows wild on the coasts of the Mediterranean region, is most abundant in eastern Algeria, and is also cultivated in Italy, Sicily, and Malta. The bulb is 15-30 cm in diameter and weighs up to 2.5 kg. It is covered with a reddish-brown membrane on the outside and has a bitter, mucus-like inside, which causes blisters when it comes into contact with the skin. This bulb is called scilla or scilla and is used as medicine. It was highly valued in ancient Egypt as a treatment for typhoid, and the correct medicinal properties and usage are described in Dioscorides' pharmacopoeia. When used in small amounts, it acts as a cardiac stimulant (due to the glycoside skilaren), expectorant, and diuretic, but when used in large amounts it can cause vomiting and diarrhea.

[Motoo Nagasawa March 20, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ユリ科(APG分類:キジカクシ科)の多年草。地下の大きな球卵形の鱗茎(りんけい)から秋に高さ50~100センチメートルの花茎を伸ばして、上部の約40センチメートルにわたり白色で緑紫色の線の入った6個の離生花被(かひ)からなる多数の花を総状花序につける。花期後に灰緑色、無毛、広披針(こうひしん)形の葉を約10枚出す。地中海地域の海岸に野生し、アルジェリア東部にもっとも多く、イタリア、シチリア島、マルタ島でも栽培している。鱗茎は直径15~30センチメートル、2.5キログラムに達し、外部は赤褐色の膜で覆われ、内部は苦く、粘液性で、皮膚につくと水泡を生ずる。この鱗茎をカイソウまたはスキラscillaと称して薬に用いる。古代エジプトではチフスの治療薬として高く評価されていたが、ディオスコリデスの薬物書に正しい薬効と使用法が記述されている。少量用いると強心興奮(配糖体スキラレンによる)、去痰(きょたん)、利尿剤として作用し、多量用いると嘔吐(おうと)、下痢をおこす。

[長沢元夫 2019年3月20日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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