A noble family that built a large territory in central Germany from the Middle Ages to modern times. Its name comes from the castles it built on the right bank of the Saale River and in the lower reaches of the Halle River. Since being granted the Margrave of Meissen in central Germany in 1089, it expanded its power. From 1247 to 1264, it acquired the Landgrave of Thuringia, and in 1423, the Duchy of Saxony, making it an electorate. In 1485, the family was divided into two branches, Ernst and Albert, and the former led German Protestants as Elector of Saxony during the Reformation, but lost the electoral title in 1547 as a result of the Schmalkaldic War, and its territory was limited to Thuringia. The Duke of Saxony of Albert's line, who became Elector instead, converted to Catholicism in 1697, and obtained the title of King of Saxony in 1806 under Napoleon's rule. The Ernst line later split into several branches and came to control several principalities, including Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中世から近代にかけて中部ドイツに大領邦を建設した貴族の家門。その名はザーレ川右岸,ハレ川下流域に築いた城に由来する。 1089年中部ドイツのマイセン辺境伯に封じられて以来,勢力を拡大。 1247~64年にチューリンゲン方伯領を,1423年にはザクセン公国を獲得して選帝侯となった。 85年の家門協定でエルンスト系とアルベルト系に分れ,前者はザクセン選帝侯として宗教改革時代にドイツ新教徒を指導したが,シュマルカルデン戦争の結果,1547年選帝侯位を失い,その領域はチューリンゲンに限られた。これに代って選帝侯となったアルベルト系のザクセン公は,1697年旧教に改宗,ナポレオン支配下の 1806年にザクセン王の称号を得た。エルンスト系はその後いくつかに分裂し,ザクセン=ワイマール,ザクセン=コーブルク,ザクセン=ゴータなどの諸公国を支配した。
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