Foreign control - Gaisei

…At that time, there was an official who drafted the emperor's orders, the Zhizhek, but while this was limited to writing documents such as less important appointment letters, the Hanlin Scholars were in charge of writing major documents for important national events. The Hanlin Scholars were called the Internal Scholars because they reported directly to the emperor, and the Zhizhek belonged to the Prime Minister, so they were called the External Scholars; together they were called the Two Scholars. For a famous family of writers who were Jinshi, the quickest way to advance in life was to become a Zhizhek to a Hanlin Scholar, and then a Prime Minister from that position. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "external control" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…当時天子の命令を起草する官に知制誥（ちせいこう）があったが，これはあまり重要でない辞令書の文章などの作成に従うのに対し，翰林学士は国家的な大事に際しての大文章の撰述に当たった。翰林学士は天子に直属するので内制と称し，知制誥は宰相に属するゆえに外制と称し，併せて両制と称せられた。進士出身の文章の名家は知制誥から翰林学士，その承旨から宰相に昇るのが出世の捷径であった。…

※「外制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報