An international treaty that sets out regulations for ensuring the safety of ships and their crew and passengers. The sinking of the luxury liner Titanic in 1912 prompted calls for international cooperation to ensure the safety of lives at sea, and the first treaty was concluded in 1914 by major European and American countries. Initially, the treaty only covered a limited range of topics, such as navigational safety, ship structure, and life-saving equipment, but it was unified as an international standard at the London International Conference in 1929. It was subsequently revised in 1948, 1960, and 1974 in response to developments in shipbuilding technology, such as the emergence of nuclear-powered ships. Since the establishment of the intergovernmental maritime consultative organization (International Maritime Organization) in 1958, the organization has been in charge of overseeing the implementation of the treaty. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
船舶および乗員乗客の安全確保のための規定を定めた国際条約。1912年の豪華客船タイタニック号遭難事件を契機に,海上の人命安全のための国際協力が求められるようになり,1914年欧米主要国によって最初の条約が結ばれた。当初は航行の安全,船舶の構造,救命のための設備などのかぎられた内容であったが,1929年開催されたロンドン国際会議の場で国際的な基準として統一された。その後は原子力船の登場など造船技術の発展に応じて,1948,1960,1974年に改正が行なわれた。1958年に政府間海事協議機関(国際海事機関)が発足してからは,同機関が条約の実施監督にあたっている。
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