Omi Silk Dispute

Japanese: 近江絹糸争議 - おうみけんしそうぎ

A human rights dispute over pre-modern labor management at Omi Silk Co., Ltd. (now Omikenshi Co., Ltd.) lasted for 106 days from June 2 to September 16, 1954. Omi Silk Co., Ltd. was the second largest company after the Ten Daispins, but despite extremely poor working conditions, no independent labor union was organized. The National Federation of Textile Industry Workers' Unions (now Zensen Domei) repeatedly tried to organize workers but failed, and finally succeeded in forming a union in May 1954. They immediately began a struggle with 22 demands, including "recognition of the union," "freedom to go outside," "opposition to forced Buddhism," and "immediate cessation of opening letters and searching personal belongings," and the movement spread to all factories. The dispute developed into an all-out confrontation between labor and management, with support from not only the parent organization, the All Japan Trade Union Congress (Zenro Kaigi), but also unions across the country, such as the General Council of Japanese Trade Unions (Sohyo). However, the company refused to negotiate collectively for a while, and did not respond to the Central Labor Relations Commission's (CRC) mediation or the recommendations of the business community representatives. As a result, the company was criticized from both inside and outside the company, and was finally forced to accept the third mediation proposal of the CRC (chairman: Ichiro Nakayama), which acknowledged the union's demands, and the dispute came to an end.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1954年6月2日～9月 16日の 106日間続いた近江絹糸 (現オーミケンシ) 株式会社における前近代的労務管理をめぐる人権争議。十大紡に次ぐ大手であった近江絹糸では，労働条件がきわめて悪いにもかかわらず自主的な労働組合は組織されておらず，全国繊維産業労働組合同盟 (現ゼンセン同盟 ) はたびたび組織化を試みたが失敗し，ようやく 54年5月に組合の結成に成功した。ただちに「組合の承認」「外出の自由」「仏教の強制反対」「信書の開封・私物検査の即時停止」などの 22項目の要求を掲げて闘争に入り，その動きは全工場に拡大した。また上部団体の全日本労働組合会議 (全労会議) だけでなく，日本労働組合総評議会 (総評) など全国の組合が支援するなど労使の全面的な対決に発展した。しかし会社側はしばらくの間団体交渉を拒否し，中央労働委員会 (中労委) の斡旋や財界代表の勧告にも応じなかった。そのために企業内外から全面的に非難を浴びて，ようやく組合側の主張を認める中労委 (会長中山伊知郎) の第3次斡旋案を会社側が受諾せざるをえなくなり争議は終結した。

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