Regression line - kaikichokusen

Japanese: 回帰直線 - かいきちょくせん
Regression line - kaikichokusen

For the samples (x 1 ,y 1 ),(x 2 ,y 2 ),…,(x n ,y n ), (yy 1 ) 2 +(yy 2 ) 2 +……+(yy n ) 2
We can determine the line y=ax+b that minimizes the above equation. This line is called the regression line. For example, suppose you have records of height x and weight y for each student in a class, or records of each student's English and Japanese test scores. Consider approximating the relationship between two variables X and Y with a linear equation.

The results of measurements on two variables X and Y are (x 1 ,y 1 ),(x 2 ,y 2 ),……,(x n ,y n ).
In this case, the constants a and b in the linear expression y=ax+b of x are

is set to be minimum, the straight line y=ax+b expressed as a linear equation of x is the regression line of Y with respect to X. The a and b that minimize the above f are given by the following equation.



however

Therefore, the regression line of Y with respect to X is:


Similarly, the regression line of X on Y is

is given by:

[Shigeru Furuya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

標本(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)に対して
  (y-y1)2+(y-y2)2+……+(y-yn)2
を最小にするような直線y=ax+bを定めることができる。この直線を回帰直線という。たとえば、あるクラスの各学生について身長xと体重yを測定した記録、または各学生の英語の点数と国語の点数の記録があるとする。このように二つの変量XとYについての記録から、その二つの変数の間の関係を一次式で近似することを考える。

 二つの変量X、Yについての測定の結果を
  (x1,y1),(x2,y2),……,(xn,yn)
とする。このときxの一次式y=ax+bに含まれる定数a、bを

が最小になるように定めたとき、このxの一次式で表される直線y=ax+bがYのXに関する回帰直線である。前記のfが最小になるようなa、bは次式で与えられる。



ただし

したがってYのXに関する回帰直線は次のようになる。


同じように、XのYに関する回帰直線は

で与えられる。

[古屋 茂]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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