Chronicles of the Jinkou

Japanese: 塵劫記 - じんごうき
Chronicles of the Jinkou

A mathematics book from the early Edo period. Written by Yoshida Mitsuyoshi. It can also be read as "Jinkoki." "Jinkoki" is a Buddhist term that means an immeasurable amount of time. "Jinkoki" contains the meaning of a book of truth that will not change even after many years. The first edition was published in 1627 (Kan'ei 4). To commemorate this, a monument was erected at Jojakko-ji Temple in Saga, Kyoto in 1977 (Showa 52). The first edition of this book was published in four volumes in the Mino edition, and its contents include the names of large numbers (large integers) and decimal numbers, as well as calculations needed in daily life such as hassan (division of one digit), kenichi (division of two or more digits), buying and selling rice, gold and silver exchange, buying and selling coins, interest, the method of measuring boxes, land surveys, taxes, and river construction. The fifth volume was published the following year. It contains calculations of large numbers and mathematical games, which later became the characteristic of the Jinkoki. In 1631, this five-volume version was reorganized into a three-volume version in the Mino edition. In 1634, four volumes of a small Mino half-size book were published. This was completely different from the previous edition. This was followed in 1641 by a small Mino half-size three-volume version. This edition is characterized by a large number of calculations of large numbers. This edition also includes 12 problems without answers (so-called iidai) at the end of the third volume. This was the basis for a dramatic advancement in Japanese mathematics. Then, in 1643, the Mino edition in three volumes was published. This was a synthesis of the previous editions, and this edition has since come to be regarded as the definitive version of Jinko-ki. Similar editions of Jinko-ki continued to be published thereafter, up until the end of the Meiji period.

[Shinichi Oya]

"New Edition of Jinkoki"
Division and multiplication are explained in detail as division and multiplication, with diagrams of an abacus included. This is the most widely used version of "Jinkoki" by Mitsuyoshi Yoshida. Owned by the National Diet Library .

"New Edition of Jinkoki"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

江戸初期の数学書。吉田光由(みつよし)の著。「じんこうき」とも読む。「塵劫」は仏教のことばで、計り知れないほどの長年月であることをいう。「塵劫記」は長年月たっても変わらない真理の書という意味を込めている。1627年(寛永4)初版が出版された。これを記念して1977年(昭和52)京都・嵯峨(さが)の常寂光寺(じょうじゃっこうじ)に記念碑が建てられた。この書の初版は美濃(みの)版4巻、その内容は、大数(大きい整数)の名、小数の名から始まって、八算(はっさん)(1桁(けた)の割り算)、見一(けんいち)(2桁以上の割り算)、米の売買、金銀両替、銭売買、利息のこと、枡(ます)の法、検地、租税、川普請(ふしん)のことなど、日常に入用な計算を収録している。その翌年ごろ第5巻が出版された。大きな数の計算、数学遊戯などを載せたもので、これがのちには『塵劫記』の特徴となった。1631年に、この五巻本が整理されて美濃版三巻本となった。1634年には美濃半裁の小型本4巻が出版された。これは従来の版とはまったく異なったものである。続いて1641年には美濃半裁の小型三巻本が出版された。この版は、大きな数の計算が非常に多いのが特徴である。そして、この版には3巻末に、答えをつけない12題の問題(いわゆる遺題)を載せている。これが元になって日本の数学は飛躍的に進歩した。ついで1643年美濃版三巻本が出版された。これは従来の版を総合したもので、以後この版が『塵劫記』の定本とされるに至った。その後『塵劫記』の類版は引き続き刊行され、明治の末に至っている。

[大矢真一]

『新編塵劫記』
除法・乗法が、わりざん・かけざんとして、そろばんの図を入れて詳しく説明されている。吉田光由著『塵劫記』のなかでもっとも普及した版国立国会図書館所蔵">

『新編塵劫記』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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