Oldenburg - Oldenburg (English spelling)

Japanese: オルデンブルク - おるでんぶるく（英語表記）Oldenburg

The administrative center of Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany. Population 154,800 (2000). Located on the left bank of the Hunte River, a tributary of the Weser River, the town was founded at the crossing point of the road heading northwest from Bremen. Until the 17th century, the tides reached this point, and foreign trade was also conducted, but this became impossible due to the accumulation of sediment in the river. In the past, it was a city of government officials and pensioners, with only a few industries such as agricultural product processing and agricultural machinery, but in 1935, the Küsten Canal was built connecting the Ems River and the Weser River, and in 1970 it was expanded, and in addition to the transportation industry, industries such as electrical equipment, textiles, and lumber were established, and it is changing into an industrial city. The old town and the castle adjacent to the south form the core of the city, and the part that developed in the 20th century spreads out beyond it. The castle is now the museum of art history and cultural history, and the garden behind it is beautiful. There are also many other cultural assets and facilities, such as old churches, natural and prehistory museums, national theaters, and universities.

[Saito Mitsunori]

history

It is the capital of the former Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. Settlement began around the 8th century, and from the mid-12th century onwards it was the castle of the Counts of Oldenburg. A market was established in the 13th century and commerce flourished, but the city never joined the Hanseatic League. The oldest city law dates back to 1345. From 1667 to 1773 it was part of Denmark, and from then until 1918 it was the home of the duke's (archduke's) court. In 1815 the Grand Duchy had an area of 6,400 square kilometres and a population of around 200,000. It was an administrative and cultural centre, and industry also developed there. After becoming a state of the former Germany, the Grand Duchy was incorporated into the state of Lower Saxony in 1946. It is the birthplace of the philosopher Jaspers.

[Minoru Morota]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ北西部、ニーダーザクセン州の行政中心都市。人口15万4800（2000）。ウェーザー川左岸の支流フンテ川の左岸に位置し、ブレーメンから北西方に向かう道路の渡河点に町ができた。17世紀までは潮汐(ちょうせき)がここまで及び、外国貿易も行われたが、川の土砂の堆積(たいせき)で不可能となった。かつては官吏と年金生活者の都市で、農産物加工、農業機械などわずかな工業があるにすぎなかったが、1935年にエムス川とウェーザー川を連絡するキュステン運河が建設され、70年にそれが拡張されて、輸送業のほか、電気機器、繊維、木材などの工業が立地し、工業都市に変わりつつある。旧市街とその南に隣接する城館が市街地の核心をなし、その外に20世紀になって発達した部分が広がっている。城館は現在、芸術史・文化史博物館となり、背後の庭園が美しい。その他古い教会、自然・先史博物館、国立劇場、大学などの文化財、文化施設が多い。

［齋藤光格］

歴史

旧オルデンブルク大公国の首都。8世紀ごろから定住が始まり、12世紀なかば以降、オルデンブルク伯の居城があった。13世紀に市場が成立し、商業が栄えたが、ハンザ同盟には加盟しなかった。最古の都市法は1345年。1667年から1773年までデンマーク領となったが、以後1918年まで公（大公）の宮廷があった。1815年に同大公国は面積6400平方キロメートル、人口約20万を数えた。行政と文化の中心で、工業もおこった。同大公国は旧ドイツの一州となったのち、1946年ニーダーザクセン州に編入された。哲学者ヤスパースの生地。

［諸田　實］

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