...Postwar German cinema went into a steady decline and disappearance, as symbolized by the dissolution of the 25-year-old German company UFA, and lost its power with the division into East and West Germany. In West Germany, however, outstanding talents emerged from the "Trümmerfilme" (rubble films), which denounced the crimes of the Nazis and spoke out against the current state of devastation and famine, such as Helmut Keutner (The Last Bridge, 1954) and then Bernhard Bicki (The Bridge, 1959). However, both were absorbed by Hollywood, and all that was left behind were motherly films and melodramas, such as the "Arbeiterfilme" (workers' films) made in Berlin and the "Heimatfilme" (local films) made in Munich. In 1962, a group of young filmmakers called the "Munich Group" (later the "Oberhausen Group") gathered at the Oberhausen Short Film Festival (who had only made documentaries and short films until then) and proclaimed the creation of "New German Film" (Junger Deutscher Film) under the slogan "Daddy's Film is Dead." This historic "Oberhausen Manifesto" became the starting point of "New German Cinema." *Some of the terminology that refers to the "Oberhausen Group" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…戦後のドイツ映画は,25年の歴史をもつウーファ社の解体に象徴されるように衰退と消滅の一途をたどり,東西ドイツに分割されて力を失い,西ドイツでは,それでも,ナチスの犯罪を告発し,荒廃と飢餓の現状を訴える〈瓦礫(がれき)映画Trümmerfilme〉のなかからヘルムート・コイトナー(《最後の橋》1954),次いでベルンハルト・ビッキ(《橋》1959)というすぐれた才能が輩出するが,ともにハリウッドに吸収され,そのあとに残されたものは,ベルリンでつくられていた〈労働者映画Arbeiterfilme〉とミュンヘンでつくられていた〈郷土映画Heimatfilme〉という母もの映画やメロドラマだけというありさまであった。1962年のオーバーハウゼンOberhausen短編映画祭に集まった〈ミュンヘン・グループ〉(のちに〈オーバーハウゼン・グループ〉)と呼ばれる若い映画作家たち(それまでドキュメンタリーや短編しか撮っていなかった)が,〈パパの映画は死んだ〉という標語を掲げ,〈新しいドイツ映画Junger Deutscher Film〉の創造を宣言。この歴史的な〈オーバーハウゼン宣言〉が〈ニュー・ジャーマン・シネマ〉の出発点になった。… ※「オーバーハウゼン・グループ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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