Gibson, Mel

Japanese: ギブソン（英語表記）Gibson, Mel

Born January 3, 1956 in Peekskill, New York, USA, he is an Australian film actor, director, and producer. His full name is Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson. He moved to Australia with his family when he was 12 years old. He enrolled in the National Academy of Dramatic Art in Australia in 1974, and made his film debut while still a student. After graduating, he joined the South Australian State Theatre Company in 1977. In 1979, he starred in Mad Max. He won an Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor for Tim (1979), and also won the same award for the 1981 war film Gallipoli. He became an international star with Mad Max 2 (1981), and established his stardom with Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985) and the Lethal Weapon series. His other films, The Year of Living Dangerously (1982) and Hamlet (1990), were also highly acclaimed. In 1993, he made his directorial debut, The Man Without a Face, in which he starred. His next film, Braveheart (1995), won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. His 2004 film The Passion of the Christ was a commercial success, but was also criticized for being anti-Semitic, glorifying violence, and not being historically accurate. His 2006 film Apocalypto depicts the fall of the Mayan Empire, and uses Mayan dialogue.

Gibson
Gibson, William

Born March 17, 1948 in Conway, South Carolina. American science fiction writer. Full name William Ford Gibson. A leading figure in the cyberpunk movement. After dropping out of high school in 1967, he traveled to Canada, settled there, and graduated from the University of British Columbia with a degree. Many of his early works, such as Johnny Mnemonic (1981, made into a film in 1995), were published in Omni. In 1984, he published his first full-length novel, Neuromancer. The story is about a 22nd century information thief who infiltrates the Matrix of a global computer network and fights against a corporate-controlled society. It won the Nebula Award and the Hugo Award, establishing his reputation as a pioneer of cyberpunk. Gibson's coined word "cyberspace" anticipated virtual reality, meaning "a reality created by a computer," and this worldview continued in Count Zero (1986) and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988). After The Difference Engine (1990, co-written with Bruce Sterling), set in Victorian England, he returned to cyberspace novels with Virtual Light (1993). His other works include Idoru (1996), set in Tokyo, and Futurematic (originally titled All Tomorrow's Parties, 1999).

Gibson
Gibson, Althea

Born August 25, 1927 in Silver Spring, South Carolina
[Died] September 28, 2003. American tennis player from East Orange, New Jersey. She was the first black player to win the women's singles at the French Open (1956), Wimbledon (1957, 1958), and U.S. Open Tennis Championships (1957, 1958), breaking the color barrier in the world of tennis. Raised in New York, she won her first tournament in 1942 at the American Tennis Association (ATA) tournament for African-American players. While attending Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (1953, Bachelor of Science), she was the first black player to compete in the U.S. Championships in 1950 and Wimbledon in 1951. With her powerful serve-and-volley style that made the most of her tall, muscular body, she dominated the women's tennis world in the late 1950s.

Gibson
Gibson, Wilfrid Wilson

Born: October 2, 1878, Hexham, Northumberland
[Died] May 26, 1962. Virginia Water, Surrey. British poet. Began writing poetry at a young age and devoted his life to writing. His first work was published in The Spectator in 1897. His first collection of poems, Mountain Lovers, was published in 1902. As one of the so-called Georgian poets, he preferred to use everyday subjects and to describe the scenery of his hometown. His works include Collected Poems 1905-25 (1926), Islands (32), The Island Stag (47), etc. He also wrote plays such as Daily Bread (10).

Gibson
Gibson, Edmund

[Birth] 1669
[Died] September 6, 1748.
Bishop and theologian of the Church of England. He studied at Oxford University and was ordained. He was Bishop of Lincoln in 1716 and Bishop of London from 1723 to 1748. During this time, he worked hard to reconcile the High Church priests, of which he was a member, with the Hanoverian royal family. He opposed Deism and rebuked the excessive pietism of Methodists. He was a scholar of Church of England law, and his works include the Codex iures ecclesiastici Anglicani (2 volumes, 1713).

Gibson
Gibson, William

Born November 13, 1914 in New York. American playwright. Made her Broadway debut with Two for the Seesaw (1958), a romance between a Midwestern lawyer and a free-spirited New York girl. Her most famous work is The Miracle Worker (59), a moving portrayal of the conflict between young Helen Keller and her tutor, Anne Sullivan Macy.

Gibson
Gibson, John

Born June 19, 1790 in Giffin, Wales
Died January 27, 1866. Roman-British sculptor. One of the leading figures of neoclassicism. In 1817 he traveled to Italy and studied under A. Canova. He is known for his painted sculptures. His major works include "Zephyrus and Psyche" (1816), "Mars and Cupid" (19), and "Painted Venus" (51-55).

Gibson
Gibson, William Hamilton

Born October 5, 1850 in Sandihockey, Connecticut, USA
[Died] July 16, 1896, Washington, Connecticut, USA. American illustrator, writer, and naturalist. Known for his extremely accurate and realistic drawings of flowers and insects. He mostly painted in black and white, rarely using color. He also excelled in making artificial wax flowers.

Gibson
Gibson, Thomas Milner

Born: September 3, 1806, Trinidad
[Died] February 25, 1884. British politician. In 1839 he switched from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party, and as a member of the House of Commons for Manchester he worked with R. Cobden and J. Bright to repeal the Corn Laws. He was Vice-President of the Board of Trade from 1846 to 1848, and President from 1859 to 1866.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1956.1.3. ニューヨーク，ピークスキル
アメリカ合衆国生まれのオーストラリアの映画俳優，監督，制作者。フルネーム Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson。12歳のときに家族でオーストラリアに移住。1974年オーストラリア国立演劇学院に入学し，在学中に映画デビュー。卒業後の 1977年南オーストラリア州立劇団に入団。1979年『マッドマックス』Mad Maxに主演。『ティム』Tim（1979）でオーストラリア映画協会賞主演男優賞を受賞。1981年の戦争映画『誓い』Gallipoliでも同賞を受賞した。『マッドマックス2』Mad Max 2（1981）で一躍国際的スターとなり，『マッドマックス／サンダードーム』Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome（1985）や「リーサル・ウェポン」シリーズでスターの地位を確立。『危険な年』The Year of Living Dangerously（1982），『ハムレット』Hamlet（1990）も高く評価された。1993年の監督デビュー作『顔のない天使』The Man Without a Faceにみずから主演。次いで監督した『ブレイブハート』Braveheart（1995）はアカデミー賞の作品賞と監督賞を含む 5部門に輝いた。2004年の『パッション』The Passion of the Christは興行的には成功したが，反ユダヤ，暴力礼賛，史実にそっていない，などという批判も浴びた。2006年の監督作品『アポカリプト』Apocalyptoではマヤ帝国の滅亡を描き，台詞にマヤ語を用いた。

ギブソン
Gibson， William

[生]1948.3.17. コンウェー，サウスカロライナ
アメリカ合衆国のSF作家。フルネーム William Ford Gibson。サイバーパンク運動の第一人者。 1967年高校中退後カナダに旅行し，そのまま住みつきブリティシュコロンビア大学を卒業，学位を取得。『JM』 Johnny Mnemonic (1981，1995映画化) など初期作品の多くは『オムニ』 Omniに掲載された。 1984年，最初の長編小説『ニューロマンサー』 Neuromancerを発表。 22世紀の情報泥棒がグローバルコンピュータネットワークのマトリックスに侵入し企業管理社会と戦う物語で，ネビュラ賞やヒューゴー賞などを総なめにし，サイバーパンクのさきがけとして評価を確立。ギブソンの造語「サイバースペース」は，「コンピュータがつくり出した現実」を意味するバーチャル・リアリティを先取りしたものとなり，その世界観は『カウント・ゼロ』 Count Zero (1986) ，『モナリザ・オーヴァドライヴ』 Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988) へと続いた。ビクトリア朝のイギリスが舞台の『ディファレンス・エンジン』 The Difference Engine (1990，ブルース・スターリングと共著) を経て，『バーチャル・ライト』 Virtual Light (1993) で再びサイバースペース小説に回帰。ほかに，東京を舞台にした『あいどる』 Idoru (1996) ，『フーチャーマチック』 (原題『All Tomorrow's Parties』，1999) など。

ギブソン
Gibson, Althea

[生]1927.8.25. サウスカロライナ，シルバー
[没]2003.9.28. ニュージャージー，イーストオレンジ
アメリカ合衆国のテニス選手。全仏選手権大会（1956。→全仏オープン），ウィンブルドン選手権大会（1957，1958），全米選手権大会（1957，1958。→全米オープンテニス選手権大会）の女子シングルスで黒人選手として初めて優勝，テニスの世界で肌の色の壁を打ち破った。ニューヨークで育ち，1942年アフリカ系アメリカ人選手を対象とするアメリカ・テニス協会 ATA主催の大会でトーナメント初優勝。フロリダ農業機械大学（1953理学士号取得）に通うかたわら，黒人選手として初めて 1950年に全米選手権，1951年にはウィンブルドン選手権に出場した。長身で筋肉質の体をいかした力強いサーブ・アンド・ボレーを武器に，1950年代後半の女子テニス界に君臨した。

ギブソン
Gibson， Wilfrid Wilson

[生]1878.10.2. ノーサンバーランド，ヘクサム
[没]1962.5.26. サリー，バージニアウォーター
イギリスの詩人。幼時より詩作を始め，生涯文筆に専念。 1897年『スペクテーター』に初めて作品を発表。 1902年に処女詩集『山の恋人たち』 Mountain Loversを出す。いわゆるジョージ朝詩人の一人として，日常的題材を好んで扱い，また故郷の風物を描く。『詩集』 Collected Poems 1905-25 (1926) ，『島』 Islands (32) ，『島の雄鹿』 The Island Stag (47) など。ほかに『日々の糧』 Daily Bread (10) などの戯曲もある。

ギブソン
Gibson， Edmund

[生]1669
[没]1748.9.6.
イギリス国教会の主教，神学者。オックスフォード大学に学んで聖職につき，1716年にリンカーンの主教，23年から 48年までロンドンの主教をつとめる。その間にギブソンは自分も属している高教会派の司祭たちをハノーバー王家と和解させることに尽力した。理神論に反対し，メソジストの過度の敬虔主義を戒めた。イギリス国教会法の学者で，著書には"Codex iures ecclesiastici Anglicani" (2巻，1713) などがある。

ギブソン
Gibson， William

[生]1914.11.13. ニューヨーク
アメリカの劇作家。中西部の弁護士と奔放なニューヨーク娘のロマンスを描いた『ふたりでシーソー』 Two for the Seesaw (1958) でブロードウェーにデビュー。代表作は，少女時代のヘレン・ケラーとその家庭教師アン・サリバン・メイシーの葛藤を感動的に描いた『奇跡の人』 The Miracle Worker (59) 。

ギブソン
Gibson， John

[生]1790.6.19. ウェールズ，ジッフィン
[没]1866.1.27. ローマ
イギリスの彫刻家。新古典主義の代表者の一人。 1817年にイタリアに渡り A.カノーバに学ぶ。彩色彫刻に特徴がある。主要作『ゼフュロスとプシケ』 (1816) ，『マルスとキューピット』 (19) ，『彩色ビーナス』 (51～55) 。