…When an object is perceived as a whole composed of parts, it is called a system, and the parts are called elements. The word system comes from the compound word systēma, which is made up of the Greek words syn (together) and histanai (to put). The concept of a system dates back to ancient Greek philosophy. Aristotle stated that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts." However, this recognition was not widely taken up until the mid-20th century, overshadowed by the great achievements of modern science, especially physics, which were based on reductionism. Since then, however, it has developed extremely rapidly and has been established as one of the central concepts in science. … *Some explanations of terms that mention "autopoiesis" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…対象を部分が結合して構成される全体として認識するとき,それをシステムといい,部分を要素という。システムという語はギリシア語syn(共に)とhistanai(置く)の合成語systēmaに由来する。 システムの概念は,古代ギリシアの哲学に遡る。アリストテレスは,〈全体は部分の寄せ集め以上の存在である〉と述べている。しかし,この認識は,還元論のもとで挙げた近代科学,とくに物理学の大きな成果に隠れて,20世紀中葉に至るまで大きく取りあげられることはなかったが,それ以降,きわめて急速な発達を遂げ,科学における中心的な概念の一つとして確立された。… ※「オートポエーシス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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