HB S antigen is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus. In 1963, Baruch Blumberg and others discovered a new antigen in the serum of Australian aborigines. They noticed that this antigen was also present in the serum of hemophilia patients who had received multiple blood transfusions, and named it Australia antigen. However, subsequent research by many scholars revealed that this is one of the antigens of hepatitis B (the hepatitis B virus has three antigens), and the name Australia antigen is no longer used today. HB S antigen is the most common indicator of hepatitis B virus infection, and testing for the presence or absence of this antigen can determine whether or not a person is infected with hepatitis B. In the case of acute hepatitis, HB S antigen usually disappears when the hepatitis is cured, but if the immune system is weakened, it may remain in the blood for a long period of time. Such people are called HB S antigen carriers. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
B型肝炎ウイルスの表層抗原である HBS抗原のこと。1963年,バルーク・ブラムバーグらがオーストラリアの先住民の血清中に新抗原を発見し,この抗原が,何回も輸血を受けている血友病患者の血清中に見られることに気づき,オーストラリア抗原と命名した。しかし,その後多くの学者の研究により,これが B型肝炎の抗原の一つ(B型肝炎ウイルスには抗原が三つある)であることがわかり,今日ではオーストラリア抗原の名称は用いられない。HBS抗原は B型肝炎ウイルス感染の最も一般的な指標になり,この抗原の有無を調べると B型肝炎に感染しているかどうかが判明する。なお,急性肝炎の場合は普通,肝炎が治ると HBS抗原は消えてしまうが,免疫力が低下していると,血中に長期間にわたって存在することがある。このような人を HBS抗原キャリアと呼ぶ。
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