An annual plant of the Cyperaceae family (APG classification: Cyperaceae). It grows in fields, wastelands, and grasslands throughout Japan except Hokkaido. The spikelets are yellowish brown and produce a dozen or so triangular fruits. It is also called maskusa (square grass), and the name comes from the fact that when the stem is split from both ends, a square shape is formed, which is a playful comparison to a mosquito net or a square. Cyperus genus is characterized by two rows of scales on both sides of the spikelet axis, and bisexual flowers without perianths in the axils. There are about 20 or so species distributed in Japan (some classifications say more than 40 species), and they are all very similar, with the most commonly seen species being Cyperus sieboldii, Cyperus chagai, and Cyperus nigricans. Cyperus sieboldii has a different fruiting pattern and is sometimes considered a separate genus. The sedge genus is distributed widely in tropical and temperate regions, and there are about 700 species. Most are weeds, but a few species are cultivated for ornamental purposes, for use as carpets, or for food. Papyrus, also known as cyperus papyrus (L.), is native to North Africa and was used as a raw material for paper in ancient Egypt. [Eiichiro Kinoshita July 19, 2019] [References] |©Kanzo Otawa "> Major species of Cyperaceae (1) [Specimens... ©Kanzo Otawa "> Major species of Cyperaceae (2) [Specimens... Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カヤツリグサ科(APG分類:カヤツリグサ科)の一年草。北海道を除く日本全土の畑、荒れ地、草地に生える。小穂は黄褐色をしていて、三稜(さんりょう)形の果実が十数個つく。別名をマスクサ(枡草)といい、茎を両端から裂くと四角形ができ、蚊帳(かや)や枡になぞらえて遊ぶことからこの名がついた。カヤツリグサ属は小穂の軸の両側に2列の鱗片(りんぺん)がつき、その腋(えき)に花被(かひ)のない両性花がつくのが特徴である。日本に約二十数種が分布しており(分類によっては40種以上とすることもある)、どれもよく似ていて、コゴメガヤツリ、チャガヤツリ、タマガヤツリなどが普通にみられる。アゼガヤツリの類は果実のつき方が異なり、別属とされることもある。カヤツリグサ属は熱帯、温帯に広く分布し、約700種ほどある。ほとんどが雑草であるが、わずかに観賞用や敷物用または食用として栽培される種類もある。カミガヤツリともいわれるパピルスCyperus papyrus L.は北アフリカ原産で、古代エジプトでは紙の原料として使われた。 [木下栄一郎 2019年7月19日] [参照項目] |©大多和鐘三"> カヤツリグサ科のおもな種類(1)〔標本… ©大多和鐘三"> カヤツリグサ科のおもな種類(2)〔標本… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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