Kayak - qayaq (Eskimo)

Japanese: カヤック - かやっく(英語表記)qayaq エスキモー語
Kayak - qayaq (Eskimo)

A one-seater canoe used by indigenous peoples living in the far north, such as the Eskimos and Inuit, for hunting on water. The Aleuts and Eskimos of southern Alaska use two-seater canoes. It is the oldest cultural element of the Eskimo that has been known to Western society. The Icelandic Sagas record that around 1000 AD, Vikings who traveled south from Greenland to North America encountered Skraelings (probably Eskimos) who used skin boats. A kayak is made of a wooden frame about 7 meters long and 50 centimeters wide, covered with seal skin that has been scraped off to make it lighter, with a round hole in the center for the driver to sit in. It is steered by a single oar. It is light enough to be carried by one person, is fast, and can change direction easily. In addition to kayaks, the Eskimos have a large boat called an umiak, which was mainly used for whaling.

[Oka Chikuma]

[References] | Aleut | Eskimo | Canoe

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

エスキモーやイヌイットなど極北に住む先住民族が水上での猟に用いる1人乗りのカヌー。アリュート(アレウト)人や南アラスカのエスキモーは2人乗りのカヌーを用いる。エスキモーの文化要素のうちもっとも古くから西欧社会に知られたものである。アイスランドの『サガ』は、紀元1000年ごろグリーンランドから北アメリカ大陸を南下したバイキングがスクレーリング(おそらくはエスキモー)と出会い、彼らが皮舟を使用していたと記している。カヤックは長さ7メートル、幅50センチメートルほどの木の枠組みを、脂肪を削り取って軽くしたアザラシの皮で覆ってつくり、中央に丸い穴をあけて操縦者が座れるようにしてある。櫂(かい)は1本で操縦する。1人で持ち運べるほど軽量でかつ快足、方向転換も自由にきく。エスキモーにはカヤックのほかにウミアックとよばれる大型のボートがあり、これはおもに鯨猟で用いられた。

[岡 千曲]

[参照項目] | アリュート | エスキモー | カヌー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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