Camera obscura

Japanese: カメラ・オブスキュラ(英語表記)camera obscura
Camera obscura
It means "dark room" in Latin. The correct reading is "camera obscura". The optical principle of projecting the outside scenery onto the wall through a small hole in a dark room is well known. It is said to have been known by Mozi of China and Aristotle of Greece before the Common Era, and its optical considerations can be found in the research report of Ibn al-Haytham in the 11th century and in the unpublished notes of Leonardo da Vinci. At first, it was used literally as it sounds, to observe solar eclipses and to draw rough sketches in a dark room, but around the 16th century, a convex lens was attached instead of a pinhole, and in the 17th century, the camera obscura, a dark box-shaped device that can be said to be the prototype of modern cameras, became popular as a "tool" for drawing pictures in perfect perspective.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
ラテン語で〈暗い部屋〉の意味。正しい読みは〈カメラ・オブスクラ〉。暗い部屋で,小さな穴を通して壁に外の景色が映し出されるという光学的原理はよく知られている。紀元前に中国の墨子やギリシアのアリストテレスによって知られていたといわれ,11世紀のイブン・アルハイサムの研究報告やレオナルド・ダ・ビンチの非公開のメモなどにも,その光学的考察の記述が見られる。はじめは字義どおり,暗い部屋の中で日食の観察や絵の下描きのために用いられたが,16世紀ころになるとピンホールの代りに凸レンズが装着され,17世紀に入ると現在のカメラの原型といえる暗箱型のカメラ・オブスキュラが完全な遠近法による絵を描くための“道具”として普及する。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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