1853‐1926 Dutch physicist. Born in Groningen near the German border. Became a professor at Leiden University in 1882, and in 1894 became director of the university's Low Temperature Laboratory (now the Kamerlind-Onnes Institute). Following J. Dewar's success in liquefying hydrogen gas in 1898, he became the first to successfully liquefy helium gas in 1908, and confirmed that the boiling point of liquid helium is 4.2 K that same day. He then discovered superconductivity in mercury in 1911, and the following year in lead, playing a literal pioneering role in the world of low temperature physics. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1853‐1926 オランダの物理学者。ドイツ国境に近いフローニンゲンに生まれる。1882年ライデン大学教授となり,94年同大学付属低温研究所(現,カメルリン・オンネス研究所)の所長となる。彼はJ.デュワーが98年に水素ガスの液化に成功したことを受けて1908年ヘリウムガスの液化に初めて成功,しかもその日のうちに液体ヘリウムの沸点が4.2Kであることを確かめた。次いで11年には水銀,翌年には鉛の超伝導を発見し,世界の低温物理学において文字どおりのパイオニアの役割を果たした。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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