…The reason why cardiac output, blood flow distribution, arterial blood pressure, and blood volume increase, decrease, or remain constant is because numerous circulatory regulatory mechanisms work in concert. There are local and global regulatory mechanisms, the former being mainly the autoregulation specific to each organ, and the latter being broadly divided into humoral regulation and nervous regulation. In particular, nervous circulatory regulation is extremely important as a mechanism for maintaining optimal blood circulation in higher animals during their daily lives. … From [Homeostasis]…Homothermic animals also have developed mechanisms for regulating body temperature. Such regulation is generally carried out by nerves and hormones (neural regulation and humoral regulation), and there are often special regulatory centers within the central nervous system. Specific receptors detect changes in the physical and chemical properties of the blood, and the autonomic nervous system and neuro-endocrine system send commands to return the body to a steady state. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "humoral regulation" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このように心拍出量,血流分配,動脈血圧,血液量が増減あるいは一定に維持されるのは多数の循環調節機構が同時に協調しながら働くためである。調節機構としては局所的なものと全体的なものがあるが,前者は主として各臓器固有の自己調節であり,後者は液性調節と神経性調節の二つに大別できる。とくに神経性の循環調節は,高等動物が日常生活を送るときの血液循環を最適に維持する機構としてきわめて重要である。… 【ホメオスタシス】より…また定温動物では,体温を調節する機構が発達している。このような調節は,一般に神経とホルモンによって行われ(神経性調節と液性調節),中枢神経系の中に特別の調節中枢が存在する場合が多い。特定の受容器で血液の物理的・化学的性状の変化を検知し,自律神経系や神経‐内分泌系によって,定常状態に戻す方向の指令を発する。… ※「液性調節」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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