Kameda Housai

Japanese: 亀田鵬斎 - かめだ・ほうさい

Year of death: March 9, 1826 (April 15, 1826)
Year of birth: 15 September 2nd year of the Horeki era (1752.10.21)
A Confucian scholar of the mid-to-late Edo period. A member of the Eclectic School. His given name was Choko, his pen name was Heiryu, he was commonly known as Bunzaemon, and his pen names were Hosai and Zenshindo. He was born in Kanda, Edo, the son of Manyemon, the head clerk at Nagatoya, a tortoiseshell merchant in Yokoyamacho, Nihonbashi. At the age of 14, he became a pupil of the eclectic scholar Inoue Kinga, and at the beginning of the An'ei period, he opened a private school and gradually gained fame, but with the Kansei ban on heretical learning (1790), he was branded as a scholar of heretical learning, and was counted as one of the "Five Demons," and at one point his number of pupils dwindled and he suffered from poverty. However, he later regained fame for his calligraphy and poetry, but spent his days drinking heavily. He was the same age as Yamamoto Kitayama, and was a close friend. His pupils included Tojo Itdō. He wrote many books, including Daigaku Shikō, Zenshindō Ikkagen, Kishikino Ryōben, Hou Saba Ippai, Hōsai Sensei Bunshō, and Zenshindō Shishō. He moved frequently throughout his life, living in Surugadai, Bakurochō, and Shitaya Kanasugi, but he passed away in his home in Shitaya Negishi and was buried at Shofukuji Temple in Imado, Asakusa. <References> Eiji Sugimura (ed.), Kameda Hōsai, Inoue Kinga and Kameda Hōsai, Nobuyasu Kurata and Eiji Hashimoto

(Hideo Umezawa)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：文政9.3.9(1826.4.15)
生年：宝暦2.9.15(1752.10.21)
江戸中・後期の儒学者。折衷学派。名は長興,字は穉竜,通称文左衛門,号は鵬斎,善身堂。日本橋横山町の鼈甲商長門屋の番頭万右衛門の子として江戸の神田に生まれた。14歳で折衷学者井上金峨に入門し,安永の初めごろ私塾を開き徐々に名声を得たが,寛政異学の禁(1790)で「異学」の烙印を押され,「五鬼」のひとりに数えられて一時は門人が激滅し貧窮にあえいだ。しかしその後は書と詩文で再び名声を得たが,酒にひたる生活を送った。山本北山とは同年で親密であった。門人に東条一堂などがいる。著書は『大学私衡』『善身堂一家言』『黍稷稲粱弁』『侯鯖一臠』『鵬斎先生文鈔』『善身堂詩鈔』など多数。生涯にわたってしばしば転居を繰り返し,駿河台,馬喰町,下谷金杉などに住んだが,最後は下谷根岸の家で没し,浅草今戸の称福寺に葬られた。<参考文献>杉村英治編『亀田鵬斎』,倉田信靖・橋本栄治『井上金峨・亀田鵬斎』

(梅澤秀夫)

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