Obaku School

Japanese: 黄檗派 - おうばくは

Chinese-style art was brought to Japan by monks from the Ming Dynasty, including Ingen Ryūki, who founded the Obaku sect of Buddhism, in the early Edo period, and expanded and developed in Japan. It was protected by the Edo Shogunate and developed in a wide range of fields, including calligraphy, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and tea ceremony, mainly in Nagasaki, Kyoto, and Edo. Many monks from China, including Iten Seiyō and Ingen, were skilled in calligraphy and painting, and their works were highly valued by people at the time as Obaku works. They painted small pieces in the Nanshu style as etiquette for tea ceremonies, and those who studied them formed a group called the Nagasaki school. In the Obaku sect, chinzō (portraits) were also important, and Kita Motonori and others left many portraits of monks. Ingen, Mokuan Seikō, and Sokuhi Nyoichi were known as the "Three Calligraphers of Obaku," and had a great influence on the Tang-style calligraphy world of the time. At the same time, they also worked on the construction of Buddhist temples as a sect of new Buddhism in Japan, building temples such as Sōfuku-ji in Nagasaki and Manpuku-ji in Uji. These buildings, rich in exotic taste, occupy a unique place in the history of Japanese architecture.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代初期，日本で黄檗宗を開いた隠元隆琦をはじめとする明からの渡来僧たちによってもたらされ，日本で拡大・発展した中国風美術。江戸幕府に保護され，長崎，京都，江戸を中心に書，絵画，彫刻，建築のほか，音楽，茶道など幅広い分野で展開した。逸然性融，隠元ら多くの渡来僧はいずれも書画をよくし，作品は黄檗物として当時の人々に珍重された。絵画は茶事の作法として南宗画風の小品が描かれ，彼らについて学ぶ者たちは長崎派の一派を形成した。また黄檗宗では頂相（ちんぞう）が重視され，喜多元規らが僧の肖像画多数を残した。書は隠元，木庵性瑫，即非如一が「黄檗の三筆」と呼ばれ，当時の唐様書道界に大きな影響を与えた。同時に彼らは日本における新仏教の一派として仏寺建築も手がけ，長崎の崇福寺，宇治の萬福寺などを建立。これらは異国趣味豊かな建築として日本建築史上特異な地位を占めている。

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