...Until 1977, all successive prime ministers were from the Mapai/Labor Party: the first and third prime ministers, Ben-Gurion (in office 1948-54, 1955-62), the second prime minister, Moshe Sharett (1954-55), the fourth prime minister, Levi Eshkol (1962-68), the fifth prime minister, Golda Meir (1968-74), and the sixth prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin (1974-77). However, in the general election of May 1977, the Labor Party coalition (a coalition between the Labor Party and the left-wing socialist Mapam Party) fell to second place for the first time, and Likud (meaning "unity"), centered around the Herut Ḥerut Party, which had been a perennial opposition party, rose to become the largest party, forming a coalition government of right-wing, centrist, and religious forces, with Herut leader Menachem Begin (1913-1992) becoming prime minister. The Herut Party is a right-wing party descended from the revisionist Zionists such as Vladimir Jabotinsky, who parted ways with mainstream Zionists in 1935 over tactics for establishing a Jewish state, and until 1965 it maintained that all of historical Palestine, including the east bank of the Jordan River (present-day Jordan), should belong to Israeli sovereignty. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Begin, M." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…初代および第3代の首相を務めたベン・グリオン(在任1948‐54,1955‐62)以下,第2代のモシェ・シャレットMoshe Sharett(1954‐55),第4代のレビ・エシュコルLevi Eshkol(1962‐68),第5代のゴルダ・メイア(1968‐74),第6代のイツハク・ラビンYitzhak Rabin(1974‐77)と,1977年まで歴代の首相はすべてマパイ=労働党によって占められていた。 ところが77年5月の総選挙において労働党連合(労働党と左派社会主義政党マパームMapam党との連合)ははじめて第2党に転落し,万年野党のごとき存在であったヘルートḤerut党を中核とするリクードLikud(〈統一〉を意味する)が第1党に進出して右派・中道・宗教勢力の連立政権が樹立され,ヘルート党首メナヘム・ベギンMenachem Begin(1913‐92)が首相に就任した。ヘルート党はユダヤ国家樹立の戦術をめぐり1935年に主流派のシオニストとたもとを分かったウラジーミル・ジャボティンスキーら修正派シオニストの系譜につながる右翼政党で,65年まではヨルダン川東岸(現在のヨルダン)をも含む歴史上のパレスティナ全部がイスラエルの主権に属すべきだという主張を掲げていた。… ※「Begin,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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