Kamakura Highway - Kamakura Highway

Japanese: 鎌倉街道 - かまくらかいどう
Kamakura Highway - Kamakura Highway

It is a general term for the old roads leading to Kamakura, not a specific route. It is not clear when this name first came into use, but in documents such as the "Shinpen Musashi Fudokiko" and the "Shinpen Sagami no Kuni Fudokiko", it is written as the "Kamakura Old Highway", "Kamakura Old Seaway", or "Ancient Kamakura Kaido". It can be said to refer to the medieval old roads that ran from various places to Kamakura since the establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate. One of the most important routes is the "Kyoto-Kamakura Okan". This connected the location of the Kyoto Imperial Court and the Kamakura Shogunate, and although there were some variations at times, it followed the Tokaido route. Also famous in history is the route taken by Nitta Yoshisada in his attack on Kamakura in 1333 (Genko 3/Shokei 2), which is described in the Taiheiki and Baishōron as the "Kaminomichi (Musashiji)," "Nakanomichi," and "Shimonomichi." The "Kaminomichi" route runs from Kamakura's Kewaizaka Pass through Takaya (Muraoka) east of Fujisawa to Matano, then heads north along the Sakaigawa River, crosses the Tamagawa River at Onoji and Sekido, and reaches Musashi-fuchū. The "Nakanomichi" is thought to have run from Yamanouchi in Kita-Kamakura, passing through the Totsuka area, heading north through Futamatagawa, Tsurugamine, and Nagatsuda, before joining the "Kaminomichi" near Honmachida. The "Shimonomichi" is presumed to have run from Yamanouchi through Gumyoji and Hodogaya towards Tsurumi, and respectively led to Kozuke, Shimotsuke, Shinano, Shimousa, Kazusa, etc.

[Motoshige Maeda]

"Masamichi Abe, 'The Ancient Roads of Kamakura' (Collected in 'Kamakura National Treasure Museum Essays' Vol. 2, 1958, Kamakura National Treasure Museum)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鎌倉へ通ずる古道(こどう)の総称で特定の路線ではない。いつごろからこの名称が始まったか明らかでないが、文献としては『新編武蔵風土記稿(むさしふどきこう)』『新編相模国(さがみのくに)風土記稿』などに、「鎌倉古街道」「鎌倉古海道」あるいは「古(いにしえ)の鎌倉街(海)道」などと記されている。鎌倉幕府開設以来、各地から鎌倉へ向かう中世古道をさしているといえよう。そのうち重要な路線として「京・鎌倉往還」がある。これは京都朝廷と鎌倉幕府の所在地を結ぶもので、ときにより多少の相違があるが東海道筋をとっていた。また、歴史上有名なものとして、1333年(元弘3・正慶2)新田義貞(にったよしさだ)の鎌倉攻めのときの進路が、『太平記(たいへいき)』や『梅松論(ばいしょうろん)』に「上ノ道(かみのみち)(武蔵路(むさしじ))」「中(なか)ノ道」「下(しも)ノ道」として記述されている。「上ノ道」は鎌倉の化粧(けわい)坂から藤沢の東の高谷(たかや)(村岡)を経て俣野(またの)に出(い)で、境川沿岸を北上し、小野路(おのじ)、関戸(せきど)にて多摩川を渡り、武蔵府中(ふちゅう)に至る。「中ノ道」は北鎌倉の山ノ内(やまのうち)から戸塚(とつか)付近を経て二俣川(ふたまたがわ)、鶴ヶ峯(つるがみね)、長津田(ながつだ)と北上し、本町田(ほんまちだ)付近で「上ノ道」と合したとみられ、「下ノ道」は山ノ内から弘明寺(ぐみょうじ)、保土ケ谷(ほどがや)を経て鶴見(つるみ)方面に至る道と推定され、それぞれ上野(こうずけ)、下野(しもつけ)、信濃(しなの)、あるいは下総(しもうさ)、上総(かずさ)などに通じていた。

[前田元重]

『阿部正道「鎌倉の古道」(『鎌倉国宝館論集』2所収・1958・鎌倉国宝館)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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