The capital of Tsubame - Ennokato

Japanese: 燕の下都 - えんのかと

…It re-emerged as one of the powerful nations during the Warring States period, adopted the Central Plains culture, and attacked Qi together with other nations in 284 BC, briefly taking control of most of Qi. However, it later suffered a counterattack from Qi and was also oppressed by Zhao. In 226 BC, Qin captured its capital, Ji, and it was destroyed in 222 BC. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period [Michiharu Ito]
[Tsubame's Lower Capital]
During the Warring States period, the capital of the Yan state was called Xiadu, and its remains were discovered 2.5 km southeast of the county seat of Yi County, Hebei Province, in an area between the North Yi River and the Middle Yi River. Xiadu measures approximately 8 km east to west and 4 km north to south, and is divided into the Eastern and Western cities by a wall and a canal running north to south through the center.

From [City]

...As the Han people developed, settlements moved out onto the plains, and the enclosures became taller and larger. The Xiadu of Yan during the Spring and Autumn period, excavated in Yi County, Hebei Province, is a rectangle stretching 8 km east to west and 4 km north to south. In the eastern half of the inner city, bordered by a central canal, there are remains of residential areas for influential people and common people, public buildings, and craft districts, while in the western half, there are almost no remains, and it is thought that the outer city was used to accommodate the surrounding rural residents in times of war and other disturbances. These outer and inner cities were not always double-structured, but rather the two were connected to form a large urban area, and this tradition was partially inherited until the 20th century. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Tsubame no Shitadu" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…戦国時代に強国の一つとして再登場し，中原文化を採用し，前284年には諸国とともに斉を攻め，一時斉の大半を手に入れたが，のち斉の反撃をこうむるとともに，趙の圧迫も受け，前226年秦に都の薊を奪われ，前222年に滅ぼされた。春秋戦国時代【伊藤道治】
［燕の下都］
　戦国時代，燕国の都城を下都といい，その遺構は河北省易県の県城南東2.5km，北易水と中易水に挟まれた地域で発見されている。下都の大きさは，東西約8km，南北約4kmで，中央を南北に走る城壁と運河によって東城と西城に分けられている。…

【都市】より

…やがて漢民族の発展とともに集落は平原に進出し郭は高くかつ巨大になってゆく。河北省易県で発掘された春秋時代の燕の下都は，東西8km，南北4kmに及ぶ長方形をなし，中央の運河を境とした東半分の内城には有力者，庶民の居住区，公共建造物，手工業区などの遺跡が存在するのに反し，西半分の外郭には遺跡はほとんどなく，戦乱などの際周囲の農村住民を収容する場所であったと考えられている。こうした外郭，内城は二重構造になっているとは限らず，両者が接続して大きな都市面積を構成しており，そうした伝統は20世紀まで部分的に継承されている。…

※「燕の下都」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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