Corundum - Corundum

Japanese: コランダム - こらんだむ(英語表記)corundum
Corundum - Corundum

It is an oxide mineral of aluminum (Al) and one of the gem minerals. It is also called corundum. The red gemstones are called rubies, and the blue and other non-red gemstones are called sapphires. As a mineral, it is the second hardest after diamond and is also used as an abrasive (some abrasives, such as boron nitride (BN), are harder than diamond). Rubies are found in crystalline limestone, dolomite, or in placers (placer deposits) derived from these, while sapphires are found in alumina-rich metamorphic rocks or special basalts. In Japan, there are few gemstones, and they are found in contact metamorphic rocks, pegmatite or pneumatic deposits, azobismuth deposits, and albitite associated with ultramafic rocks.

Coexisting minerals include muscovite, biotite, spinel, andalusite, pyrophyllite, coeruleanite, and microcline, all of which are aluminum minerals. It is also a component of emery, a special contact metamorphic rock rich in alumina, and is found in concentrations in gneiss containing nepheline in Canada. It is characterized by high hardness and high specific gravity. In theory, it is not believed to coexist directly with quartz, but examples of its direct coexistence with quartz have been found in metamorphic rocks belonging to the granulite facies in Antarctica. Corundum is said to be one of the first minerals to be formed at the creation of the universe. Its English name comes from the Tamil word kuruntam, which means ruby.

[Akira Kato December 13, 2018]

[References] | Emery | Sapphire | Quartz | Gemstones | Ruby [Additional Information] | Corundum (Data Note)
Corundum (rough stone)
Made in Madagascar ©Shogakukan ">

Corundum (rough stone)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アルミニウム(Al)の酸化鉱物で、宝石鉱物の一つ。鋼玉(こうぎょく)ともいう。宝石となる赤いものをルビー、青色などの赤色以外のものをサファイアという。鉱物としてはダイヤモンドに次いで硬く、研磨剤としても用いられる(研磨剤としては窒化ホウ素(BN)などダイヤモンドより硬いものもある)。ルビーは結晶質石灰岩、苦灰岩中、あるいはこれらから導かれた砂鉱(漂砂鉱床)中に、サファイアはアルミナに富んだ変成岩あるいは特殊な玄武岩中に産する。日本では、宝石になるようなものは少なく、接触変成岩中、ペグマタイトないし気成鉱床中、ろう石鉱床中、超塩基性岩に伴われる曹長岩中などに産する。

 共存鉱物としては、白雲母、黒雲母、スピネル、紅柱石、葉ろう石、灰簾(かいれん)石、微斜長石などがあり、いずれもアルミニウムの鉱物である。またエメリーというアルミナに富んだ特殊な接触変成岩の成分をなし、カナダでは霞石(かすみいし)を含む片麻岩中に濃集して産する。高い硬度、大きい比重を特徴とする。理論上は石英と直接共存しないとされているが、南極のグラニュライト相に属する変成岩から石英との直接共存例が発見されている。コランダムは宇宙創成時に最初に生成された鉱物の一つといわれている。英名は、ルビーを意味するタミル語のkuruntamに由来する。

[加藤 昭 2018年12月13日]

[参照項目] | エメリー | サファイア | 石英 | 宝石 | ルビー[補完資料] | コランダム(データノート)
コランダム〔原石〕
マダガスカル産©Shogakukan">

コランダム〔原石〕


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