The sodium salt of chloric acid. It can be produced by electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride or by oxidation by bubbling chlorine into a hot solution of sodium hydroxide. It is a colorless crystal, and exists in both orthorhombic and monoclinic crystals as metastable phases. It decomposes above 300°C, releasing oxygen. It is deliquescent and highly soluble in water. In acidic solutions it is a strong oxidizing agent. It is explosive and must be handled with care. Heating alone does not cause explosions, but the addition of flammable substances such as organic matter can. It is an important industrial chemical, and is used as a raw material for the manufacture of chlorine dioxide, chlorites, and perchlorates. Chlorine dioxide is used as a pulp bleaching agent, and sodium chlorite as a textile bleaching agent. Sodium chlorate is an excellent nonselective herbicide in itself, and as an oxidizing agent it is used in dyeing, electrolytic processing, and acid leaching of uranium ore. [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
塩素酸のナトリウム塩。その製法には、塩化ナトリウム飽和溶液の電解による方法と、水酸化ナトリウムの熱溶液に塩素を吹き込んで酸化する方法がある。 無色の結晶で、準安定相として斜方、単斜両晶系のものも存在する。300℃以上で酸素を放って分解する。潮解性で、きわめて水に溶けやすい。酸性溶液中では強い酸化剤となる。爆発性であるから取扱いには注意が必要である。加熱だけではたいして爆発の原因とならないが、有機物のような可燃性物質の混入はその原因となる。重要な工業薬品で、二酸化塩素、亜塩素酸塩、過塩素酸塩の製造原料となる。二酸化塩素はパルプの漂白剤として、亜塩素酸ナトリウムは繊維漂白剤として用いられる。塩素酸ナトリウムはそれ自身でも優れた非選択性除草剤としての用途があり、酸化剤としては染色、電解加工などのほか、ウラン鉱からの酸性浸出にも用いられる。 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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