Jurisdiction - Jurisdiction (English spelling)

Japanese: 管轄 - かんかつ（英語表記）Zuständigkeit

Generally, it refers to the scope of a nation's sovereignty or the authority of a government agency. However, it usually refers to judicial jurisdiction, which means the allocation of a large number of different cases to various courts, and can sometimes be synonymous with venue.
(1) In civil litigation, types of jurisdiction are classified from various perspectives. (a) Exclusive jurisdiction and discretionary jurisdiction The former cannot be changed at the will of the court or the parties. (b) Functional jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, and territorial jurisdiction Functional jurisdiction is a question of which court should be responsible for judgment procedures, compulsory execution procedures, and provisional relief procedures, and includes jurisdiction at the trial level. Subject matter jurisdiction is a question of the division of responsibilities between district courts and summary courts. Territorial jurisdiction is a question of dividing the same type of duties between similar courts in different locations. Other types of jurisdiction include statutory jurisdiction, designated jurisdiction, consensual jurisdiction, and plea-based jurisdiction.

(2) In criminal proceedings, jurisdiction by mutual consent is not recognized, but transfer of jurisdiction and jurisdiction over related cases are recognized, and there are cases where exclusive jurisdiction is granted or not.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

一般には国家の主権や官庁の権限の及ぶ範囲をいう。しかし通常は，裁判管轄をさし，異種多数の事件を各裁判所に分担させる定めであり，裁判籍と同義の場合もある。
(1) 民事訴訟上，裁判管轄の種類は，種々の観点から分類される。 (a) 専属管轄と任意管轄　前者は，裁判所や当事者の意思で動かすことのできないものである。 (b) 職分管轄，事物管轄，土地管轄　職分管轄は，判決手続，強制執行手続，保全訴訟手続などをどの裁判所の分担とするかという問題であり，審級管轄はこれに含まれる。事物管轄は，地方裁判所と簡易裁判所の分担の問題である。土地管轄は，同種の職分を所在地を異にする同種の裁判所に分担させる問題である。そのほか法定管轄，指定管轄，合意管轄，応訴管轄などに分けられる。

(2) 刑事訴訟では合意管轄は認められず，管轄の移転，関連事件の管轄が認められ，専属管轄とそうでない場合とがある。

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