Karaoshi - Karaoshi

In the Middle Ages, bookmaking (copying, illuminating, binding) was done by monks in the scriptrium of the monastery, and leather was used for the cover, giving birth to the leather-bound books we know today. In the 12th century, bookbinding schools were established in the monasteries of major cities in England, including London, Winchester, and Durham, and various blind tooling patterns were created using small stamps on leather covers. With the spread of papermaking in the 14th and 15th centuries and the invention of movable type printing in the mid-15th century, books could be produced cheaply, and publishing activities became more widespread. In addition to the traditional private binding (where printed sheets were purchased and bound by the publisher or by a bookbinder), edition binding (publishers' binding), in which books were bound at the publisher's office and then sold as books, appeared, but it would be several centuries before this would become mainstream.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "karaoshi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　中世には，本の製作(書写すること，彩飾すること，とじること)の仕事は，もっぱら僧院の記録室scriptriumで，僧の手でおこなわれ，表紙には皮革が用いられ，今日のような革装丁本が生まれた。12世紀になると，イギリスではロンドン，ウィンチェスター，ダラムをはじめ，主要な都市の僧院に製本技術学校が設けられ，革表紙の上に小形の印型を用い，いろいろの〈から押しblind tooling〉模様をつくった。　14～15世紀にかけて製紙術が普及し，15世紀中葉の活版印刷術の発明により，本が安価に製作できるようになったために，出版活動も本格化し，製本も従来の〈個人製本private binding〉(印刷された枚葉紙を買って自分で，あるいはおかかえ製本師により製本する)に加えて，出版所で製本してから本として売られる〈出版所製本edition binding,publishers’ binding〉があらわれたが，それが主流になるのはなお数世紀後であった。…

※「から押し」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報