A type of capacitor that can change its capacitance. It is used in high-frequency circuits and is also called a variable condenser. Its capacity can be freely changed within the range of 20-30 picofarads to 500 picofarads. Two vanes (electrodes) are placed facing each other with a gap between them, and when one of them is rotated to change the area of the opposing electrodes, the capacitance changes. Depending on the shape of the vanes, they can be classified as (1) capacitance linear, where the capacitance changes linearly with respect to the angle of rotation, (2) wavelength linear, where the resonant wavelength changes linearly, or (3) frequency linear, where the resonant frequency changes linearly. The vanes are made of aluminum plate, the rotating shaft is made of brass, and the insulators are bakelite or polystyrene, and the quality of the insulators affects the performance. The vane spacing is often designed to be about 1 mm per 1000 volts of direct current. To prevent discharge between the electrodes, some are placed in a vacuum container or filled with inert gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide compressed to several atmospheres, making them suitable for high-power applications such as wireless transmitters. On the other hand, low-voltage, small-sized capacitors include ceramic variable capacitors that use titanate ceramics with silver electrodes and change the electrode area, and plastic film variable capacitors in which a 20-60 micrometer-thick polyethylene film is bonded to the electrodes. These are used in the tuning units of portable radios. [Tadashi Fukino] [Reference item] |©Shogakukan "> Variable capacitor structure, types and characteristics Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キャパシタンス(静電容量)を変えるコンデンサー(蓄電器)の一種。高周波回路に使用し、バリコン(variable condenserの略称)ともいう。容量は20~30ピコファラドから500ピコファラドの範囲で、この値を自由に変えられる。 2個の羽根板(電極)を間隔を置いて向かい合わせて置き、一方を回転させて向かい合った電極面積を変化させると、静電容量が変わる構造になっている。羽根板の形により、回転角度に対して、(1)静電容量が直線的に変化する容量直線形、(2)共振波長が直線的に変化する波長直線形、(3)共振周波数が直線的に変化する周波数直線形、などに分かれる。羽根板にはアルミニウム板、回転軸には真鍮(しんちゅう)、絶縁物にはベークライト、ポリスチロールなどが用いられ、絶縁物の良否が性能に影響する。羽根板の間隔は、直流1000ボルト当り1ミリメートル程度に設計されたものが多い。電極間の放電を防ぐため、真空容器の中に収めたり、窒素、炭酸ガスなどの不活性ガスを数気圧に圧縮して封入したものがあり、無線送信機などの大電力用に適している。 一方、低圧、小型のものとして、銀電極をつけたチタン酸系セラミックスを用い、電極面積を変える磁器可変コンデンサーや、厚さ20~60マイクロメートルのポリエチレンフィルムを電極に接着させたプラスチックフィルム可変コンデンサーがあり、ポータブルラジオの選局部に用いられている。 [吹野 正] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 可変コンデンサーの構造と種類・特性 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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