Yan-qi; Yen-ch`i

Japanese: 焉耆 - えんき（英語表記）Yan-qi; Yen-ch`i

The Chinese name of Karashahr. It is an oasis city at the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains, located where the Yilduz River (Haidu River, Kaidu River) flows from the central Tianshan Mountains and flows into Lake Bagrash, and is surrounded by wide pastureland. It was once called Agni, but is now Yanqi Hui Autonomous County. It flourished culturally as a transit point for East-West trade, but is also noted as a breakthrough point for northern nomadic forces to advance into the southern Tianshan Mountains. After the rule of the Xiongnu, it fought against successive Chinese dynasties and oasis states such as Qiuzi, and repeatedly submitted to them, eventually allied with the Tang Dynasty and destroyed the Gaochang Kingdom in the Turfan Basin. However, after that, it became the base for the Tang Dynasty's management of the Western Regions. Later, it was ruled by Tubo, the Tianshan Uighur Kingdom, the Yuan Dynasty, the Chagatai Khanate, the Moghulistan Khanate, and the Kashgar Khanate, and gradually its former Buddhist culture declined and Islamization progressed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

カラシャフル (哈喇沙爾) の中国名。天山南麓のオアシス都市で，天山中部から流れるユルドゥズ川 (海都河，開都河) がバグラシュ湖に注ぐ地にあり，周囲に広い牧草地が開けている。アグニ (阿耆尼) と呼ばれた時代もあったが，現在はイエンチー (焉耆) ホイ (回) 族自治県。東西交易の中継拠点として文化的にも繁栄した一方，北方遊牧勢力の天山南部への進出突破口としても注目される。匈奴の支配のあと中国歴代王朝や亀茲 (きじ) などのオアシス国家との抗争，それらへの帰順を繰返すうち，唐と結んでトゥルファン (吐魯番) 盆地の高昌国を滅ぼすにいたった。しかしそれ以後はかえって唐の西域経営の拠点となった。のち吐蕃，天山ウイグル王国，元朝，チャガタイ・ハン国，モグリスタン・ハン国，カシュガル・ハン国の支配を受け，次第にかつての仏教文化は衰えてイスラム化が進んだ。

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