Dangun (English spelling)

Japanese: 檀君 - だんくん（英語表記）Tangun

The title of the first king in the legend of the founding of Korea. It first appeared in the "Samguk Yusa" (Memorial Records of the Three Kingdoms), compiled by the Goryeo monk Il Yeon (1206-1289). According to a quote from the "Kogi" (Records of the Ancient Records) and the "Weishu" (Records of Wei), neither of which survive, it says that Hwanung, the son of the great Sejong Emperor Hwanin, married a bear who had taken the form of a woman and gave birth to a child named Dangun Wanggeom. In the 50th year of the reign of Emperor Yao of China, in Gengyin, he established his capital in Pyongyang Castle and first called the country Joseon. He later moved the capital to Asadal on Mount Baekak and ruled the country for 1,500 years. When King Mu of Zhou appointed his son Jija to Joseon, he moved the capital to the capital of Jangdang-gyeong, then returned to Asadal, where he became a mountain god and lived to the long life of 1,908 years. This legend is centered on the sage Wang Geom, the patron deity of Pyongyang, whose origins lie in folk beliefs, and emerged as a common ancestor as the unification of Goryeo progressed after Unified Silla. It is considered to be at the beginning of Korean history, particularly as a symbol of resistance to the Mongol invasion in the early 13th century, and was probably recorded in the "Samguk Yusa." At the end of the Joseon Dynasty (Yi Dynasty), with the rise of national consciousness following foreign invasions, Tangun came to be regarded as the ancestral deity of the nation, and eventually the Daeso religion and Tangun religion, which regard Tangun as their chief deity, were established. After 1945, the Tangun Era was temporarily used in Korea.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮開国伝説上の最初の王の称号。高麗の僧，一然 (1206～89) 編纂の『三国遺事』に初出する。それによれば，『古記』と『魏書』 (いずれも現存せず) の引用として，帝釈桓因の子桓雄が，女身に化したくまと通婚して生んだ子を檀君王倹と名づけ，中国の堯帝即位 50年庚寅平壌城に都し，初めて国を朝鮮と号し，のちに都を白岳山阿斯達に移し，1500年間国を治め，周の武王が箕子を朝鮮に封じたので蔵唐京に移り，また阿斯達に戻り，山神となって，1908歳の長寿を保ったとある。この伝説は，民間信仰に根ざして生れた平壌の守護神，仙人王倹が中核となり，統一新羅以後，高麗の統一事業の推進につれ，共同祖先として登場したもので，特に 13世紀初めのモンゴルの侵略に対する抵抗意識の象徴として，朝鮮史の始原に位置づけられ，それが『三国遺事』に記録されたものであろう。朝鮮王朝 (李朝) 末には，外国の侵略に伴う民族意識の高揚とともに，民族の祖神とされるようになり，やがて檀君を主神とする大そう教，檀君教が起った。 1945年以後，韓国では一時，檀君紀元を用いたことがある。

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