flotas

… (1) Trade management All ships going to the New World needed permission from the Chamber of Commerce, and until the mid-18th century, the port of departure was Cervia, and until the beginning of the 18th century, the ports of entry to the New World were limited to a few ports, such as Havana, Veracruz (now part of Mexico), Cartagena (now part of Colombia), and Panama. After the establishment of the FLOTAS system in 1543, it became mandatory to form fleets (FLOTAS) protected by escort ships, and twice-yearly departure times were also specified. Thus, all goods brought in and out by FLOTAS were also under the control of the Chamber of Commerce, and among them, precious metals from the New World (20% of which were paid into the national treasury as a one-fifth tax) were the most important items throughout the colonial period. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "flotas" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　(1)貿易管理業務　新大陸へ渡るすべての船舶は通商院の許可を必要とし，出航地は18世紀中ごろまではセリビャに，新大陸の入航地は18世紀初頭までハバナ，ベラクルス(現，メキシコ領)，カルタヘナ(現，コロンビア領)，パナマなど数港に限定されていた。1543年フロータス制の成立以降は，護衛艦に守られた船団(フロータスflotas)を組むことが義務づけられ，年2回の出航時期も指定された。こうしてフロータスによって搬出･搬入される物資もすべて通商院の統制下におかれたが，なかでも新大陸産の貴金属(うち20％は五分の一税として国庫に収められた)は全植民地時代を通じて最も重要な品目であった。…

※「flotas」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報