Born: February 3, 1909 in Paris [Died] August 24, 1943. Ashford, Kent. French female thinker. Sister of mathematician A. Weille. Seeking the unity of thought and action, doctrine and experience, her posthumously published works had a great influence on postwar social thought. She showed precociousness by quoting Racine at the age of five, and studied philosophy and classical languages at the École Normale Supérieure (Higher Normal School). From 1931, she taught philosophy at lycées (higher secondary schools) around the country. During this time, she worked as a factory girl in an automobile factory from 1934 to 1935, experiencing the miserable life of the workers herself. In the summer of 1936, she joined the volunteer army during the Spanish Civil War, but became inclined to absolute pacifism. She had a mystical experience after hearing hymns at the convent in Solesmes. Although she was Jewish, she held anti-Semitic religious views and considered the Cathars to be true Christians. In 1942, he fled to the United States with his parents, but returned to England and joined de Gaulle's "Free France," where he adopted the same diet as his compatriots under occupation and died of malnutrition and tuberculosis. His works include the religious meditation La Pesanteur et la Grâce (1947), L'Enracinement (1949), which depicts what his country should be like after liberation, Attente de Dieu (1950), a spiritual autobiography, La Condition ouvrière (1951), Cahiers (3 volumes, 1951-56), and a critique of Marxism, Oppression et Liberté (1955). Bayleef |
[生]1909.2.3. パリ [没]1943.8.24. ケント,アッシュフォード フランスの女性思想家。数学者 A.ベイユの妹。思想と行動,教義と経験の一致を求め,死後出版された著作は戦後の社会思想に大きな影響を与えた。5歳でラシーヌを引用する早熟ぶりを示し,エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) で哲学と古典語を学び,1931年から各地のリセ (高等中学校) で哲学を教えた。その間,1934~35年女工として自動車工場で働き,労働者の悲惨な生活をみずから体験した。 1936年夏スペイン内乱の義勇軍に参加するが,絶対的平和主義に傾く。ソレームの修道院で聖歌を聞き,神秘的体験をした。ユダヤ人でありながら反ユダヤ的宗教観をもち,カタリ派を真のキリスト者とした。 1942年両親とアメリカに亡命したが,イギリスに戻りドゴールの「自由フランス」に参加,占領下の同胞と同じ食生活を行ない,栄養失調と結核で没した。作品には,宗教的瞑想録『重力と恩寵』 La Pesanteur et la Grâce (1947) ,解放後の祖国のありうべき姿を描いた『根づき』L'Enracinement (1949) ,精神的自伝『神への待望』 Attente de Dieu (1950) ,『労働の条件』 La Condition ouvrière (1951) ,『手帖』 Cahiers (3巻,1951~56) ,マルクス主義批判『抑圧と自由』 Oppression et Liberté (1955) など。 ベイユ
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